Fujiwara no Hidehira - Fujiwara no Hidehira

Japanese: 藤原秀衡 - ふじわらのひでひら

Year of death: Bunji 3.10.29 (1187.11.30)
Year of birth: Security 3 (1122)
A military commander in the late Heian period. The third generation of the Oshu Fujiwara clan. His father was Fujiwara Motohira. His mother was the daughter of Abe Muneto. After his father Motohira's death, he became the governor of Mutsu and Dewa. In 1170, he was appointed Chinjufu Shogun, Junior Fifth Rank Lower. In 1181, he was appointed Mutsu no Kami, Junior Fifth Rank Upper. He is famous as the protector of Minamoto no Yoshitsune. During the Jisho-Juei Civil War, he was expected to back Minamoto no Yoritomo, and was appointed provincial governor, which was unusual for a local powerful clan, but in the end he did not raise an army. However, it is true that he submitted a petition to pursue and kill Yoritomo, and it is also said that he called on Kiso Yoshinaka, who was pursuing the Taira clan, to attack Yoritomo. He built Muryokoin Temple in Hiraizumi, modeled after the Phoenix Hall of Byodo-in Temple in Uji, and built the Kara Imperial Palace at the east gate of the temple, as his regular residence. To the north, they also had a guesthouse called Hiraizumi-kan, which could have been the government office for governing Oshu and Uzen, and is now known as the site of Yanagi-no-Gosho. Excavations revealed the remains of a mansion surrounded by a large moat. Inside was a group of buildings with a garden and pond, and valuable artifacts such as ceramics were unearthed. Upon his death, he left a will to his son Yasuhira and others to unite under Yoshitsune as the Shogun, but Yasuhira attacked Yoshitsune, and the Fujiwara clan was destroyed in less than two years. His body is interred in the Golden Hall of Chuson-ji Temple. He was about 160cm tall, with a broad, thick chest and was obese. His blood type was AB. The cause of death is said to be myelogenous spondylitis or spinal caries. <References> "Chuson-ji and the Four Generations of the Fujiwara" edited by Asahi Shimbun Co., "The Four Generations of the Oshu Fujiwara Clan" by Takahashi Tomio, "The Oshu Fujiwara Clan and the Site of Yanagi-no-Gosho" edited by Hiraizumi Cultural Research Association

(Naomasa Oishi)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：文治3.10.29(1187.11.30)
生年：保安3(1122)
平安末期の武将。奥州藤原氏の3代。父は藤原基衡。母は安倍宗任の娘。父基衡の死のあと陸奥・出羽押領使。嘉応2(1170)年,鎮守府将軍,従五位下。養和1(1181)年,陸奥守,従五位上。源義経の保護者として有名。治承・寿永内乱の中で,源頼朝の背後をつくことを期待されて,地方豪族としては異例の国守に任ぜられるが,結局,兵をあげなかった。しかし頼朝追討の請文を提出したのは事実であり,また平家追討中の木曾義仲に呼応して頼朝を討とうと呼び掛けたともいわれる。平泉に宇治平等院の鳳凰堂を模して無量光院を建て,その東門のところに加羅御所をつくって常の居所とした。またその北に平泉館という宿館を構えていたが,それは奥羽支配の政庁というべきもので,いま柳之御所跡と称している場所がそれである。発掘調査の結果,そこからは大きな堀で囲まれた館の跡が発見された。内部には園池をともなう建物群があり,陶磁器など貴重な遺物が出土した。死に際して,義経を大将軍として一致結束するよう,子息の泰衡らに遺言したが,泰衡は義経を攻め,2年足らずで藤原氏は滅亡してしまった。遺体は中尊寺の金色堂におさめる。身長160cm前後,胸は幅広く,厚く,肥満型であった。血液型はAB型。死因は骨髄性脊椎炎または脊椎カリエスといわれる。<参考文献>朝日新聞社編『中尊寺と藤原四代』,高橋富雄『奥州藤原氏四代』,平泉文化研究会編『奥州藤原氏と柳之御所跡』

(大石直正)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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