National Diet Promotion Alliance - National Diet Promotion Alliance

A national political association that campaigned for the opening of a national Diet. At the 4th Aikokusha convention held on March 15, 1880 (Meiji 13), it was decided that the Aikokusha would be established on the 17th as an organization to connect the movements of local political associations across the country, separate from the Aikokusha, and that the association would continue to exist until the opening of a national Diet was won. On April 8, a "Petition for the Opening of a National Diet" was drafted, entrusted to 2 prefectures and 22 prefectures and 96,924 people, and was submitted to the Dajokan and the Genroin by Kataoka Kenkichi and Kono Hironaka as representatives, but both were rejected. Infuriated by this, civil rights activists from all over the country began a series of petitions and petitions, but all were either rejected or did not receive a response.

In November of the same year, 64 people representing 130,000 people from two prefectures and 22 prefectures gathered at the second convention of the National Diet Promotion Alliance held in Tokyo, and the movement expanded with participation from Kanto and Tohoku as well. At this convention, the Victims Assistance Act was established to provide relief to those who had been oppressed, and by the convention the following year in 1881 (Meiji 14), each member company had brought along a draft constitution for study. In response, efforts to draft a constitution began in various regions, but the political upheaval of 1881 occurred, and without even deliberating on the draft constitution, the National Diet Promotion Alliance merged with the Preparatory Committee for the Establishment of the Liberal Party, transforming into a political party organization.

[Katsuhiro Arai]

"Study of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement" by Naito Masanaka (1964, Aoki Shoten)" ▽ "Freedom and People's Rights" by Goto Yasushi (Chuko Shinsho)" ▽ "Japanese History 25: Freedom and People's Rights" by Nagai Hideo (1976, Shogakukan)" ▽ "Freedom and People's Rights" by Irokawa Daikichi (Iwanami Shinsho)" ▽ "Study of the Freedom and People's Rights Revolution" by Eiichi Emura (1984, Hosei University Press)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

国会開設請願運動の全国的政治結社。1880年（明治13）3月15日に開催された愛国社第4回大会で、愛国社とは別に、全国の地方政社の運動をつなぐ組織として17日に発足し、国会開設をかちとるまで会を存続させることを決めた。4月8日、2府22県、9万6924人の委託を受けた「国会を開設するの允可(いんか)を上願する書」が起草され、片岡健吉と河野広中(こうのひろなか)が代表で、太政官(だじょうかん)と元老院に提出したが、両方とも受理されなかった。これに激怒した全国各地の民権派は続々と請願や建白の運動を始めたが、いずれも却下されるか、回答を得ることができなかった。

　同年11月、東京で開かれた国会期成同盟第2回大会では2府22県13万人を代表する64人が集まり、関東や東北などからも参加があり、運動は拡大した。この大会では、弾圧を受けた者の救援を図るための遭変者扶助法が定められ、また翌81年（明治14）の大会までに、加盟各社が憲法見込案を持参し研究する合議がなされた。これを受けて各地で憲法起草の取り組みが始まったが、明治十四年の政変が起こり、ついに憲法草案の審議をすることなく、国会期成同盟は自由党結成への準備会と合流し、政党組織へと変わっていった。

［新井勝紘］

『内藤正中著『自由民権運動の研究』（1964・青木書店）』▽『後藤靖著『自由民権』（中公新書）』▽『永井秀夫著『日本の歴史25　自由民権』（1976・小学館）』▽『色川大吉著『自由民権』（岩波新書）』▽『江村栄一著『自由民権革命の研究』（1984・法政大学出版局）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例