It refers to the quantitative study of elements and compounds. The term was first used by the German chemist Richter in the late 18th century as "the art of measuring chemical elements." Today, all chemical substances are studied using numbers, but they were not treated quantitatively until the appearance of the law of conservation of mass, the law of definite proportions, and the law of gas reactions. For example, the law of definite proportions cannot be derived without measuring the amount of a substance reacting, but in the late 18th century, mass was measured to study chemical reactions, and it was discovered that the mass ratio of the component elements of a pure substance is constant. Today, this refers to physical chemistry in a broad sense. This is because quantitative treatment is also necessary to examine the structure of a substance and its relationship to its properties. [Takashi Shimozawa] [References] | |Law | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
元素や化合物について数量的に調べることをいう。18世紀後半にドイツのリヒターが「化学元素を計量する術」としてこの語を用いたのが初めである。今日ではすべて化学物質は数値を用いて研究されているが、質量保存の法則、定比例の法則、気体反応の法則などが出現するまでは、数量的には扱われていなかった。たとえば、物質の反応量を測定せずに定比例の法則は導けないが、18世紀後半には質量を測定して化学反応を調べるようになり、純物質の成分元素の質量比が一定であることがわかった。今日では、広義の物理化学がこれにあたる。ある物質の構造を調べ、その物質の性質との関連を調べるのも数量的な取扱いが必要であるためである。 [下沢 隆] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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