Malay Peninsula - Malay Peninsula

Japanese: マレー半島 - まれーはんとう(英語表記)Malay Peninsula
Malay Peninsula - Malay Peninsula

A long, narrow peninsula extending further south from the Indochina Peninsula. Usually, it refers to the area south of the Isthmus of Kra. It is 1,100 km long and 180,000 km2 in area. It is located between the Andaman Sea and the South China Sea, with the northern part belonging to Thailand and the southern part belonging to Malaysia, and at the southernmost tip, across the Straits of Johor, is Singapore Island. It is a landform made of old geology, and several rows of the Banjaran Mountains run north and south through the center, left behind by erosion. There are few high peaks, with Mount Tahan (2,189 meters), Mount Korbu (2,182 meters), and Mount Chamar (2,170 meters) being the tallest. In addition, in the mountains, steep cliffs formed by granite intrusions into limestone can be seen in places, which is one of the characteristics of the natural landscape of this peninsula. The plains are quite wide, with structural plains and erosional plains, and the Perak River, Kelantan River, and Pahang River, which are short but have abundant water. The coast is mostly muddy and mangrove-covered on the west coast, but sandbars have developed on the east coast. The climate is tropical rainforest in the main part of the country, with little monthly temperature change and relatively little monthly rainfall. However, the further north one goes, the greater the seasonal variation in rainfall becomes, and the climate becomes tropical monsoonal. For example, in Kuala Lumpur in the south, monthly rainfall is 130 mm in July, the minimum, and 279 mm in November, the maximum. In contrast, on Phuket Island in the north, rain is concentrated from April to November, with the minimum being 36 mm in February and the maximum being 320 mm in September, a large difference. Annual rainfall is significantly affected by the mountain ranges, exceeding 4,000 mm along the Straits of Malacca and the coast of Borneo, but decreasing to about 2,500 mm in the central mountainous region.

This peninsula has long been a key transportation point between the east and west, and in modern times has developed rapidly with the development of tin mines and rubber plantations, resulting in a complex population. In addition to the predominantly Malay ethnic group, there are many foreigners, including Chinese, Europeans, and Indians. In addition, indigenous peoples such as the Semang and Senoi live in the mountainous areas, but their population is small.

[Masahiko Oya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

インドシナ半島からさらに南に細長く延びた半島。通常クラ地峡以南の範囲をいう。長さ1100キロメートル、面積18万平方キロメートル。アンダマン海と南シナ海を分ける位置にあり、北部はタイ、南部はマレーシアに属し、最南端にはジョホール海峡を隔ててシンガポール島がある。古い地質からなる造陸地域で、中央部を侵食から取り残された数列のバンジャラン山脈が南北に走っている。高峰は少なく、タハン山(2189メートル)、コルブ山(2182メートル)、チャマー山(2170メートル)などが高いほうである。また、山地では所々で石灰岩に花崗(かこう)岩が貫入してできた急崖(きゅうがい)がみられ、この半島の自然景観の特色の一つとなっている。平野は構造平野、侵食平野の部分がかなり広く、河川は短小ではあるが水量の豊富なペラク川、ケランタン川、パハン川などが流れている。海岸は、西岸は泥床が多くマングローブが繁茂しているが、東岸は砂州が発達している。気候は、主要部は熱帯雨林気候で、気温の月変化が少なく、降水量の月較差も比較的少ない。しかし北に行くにしたがって降水量の季節変動は大きくなり、熱帯モンスーン気候となる。たとえば南部のクアラ・ルンプールでは、月降水量は最少の7月が130ミリメートル、最多の11月が279ミリメートルである。これに対して北部のプーケット島では、雨は4月~11月に集中し、最少の2月は36ミリメートルであるが、最多の9月は320ミリメートルとその差は大きくなる。年降水量は山脈にかなりの影響を受け、マラッカ海峡、ボルネオ海沿岸では4000ミリメートルを超えるが、中央部山地では約2500ミリメートルと減少する。

 この半島は古くから東西交通の要地にあたり、また近代に入り錫(すず)鉱やゴム園の開発で急激に発達したため、住民構成は複雑である。主要民族のマレー人のほか、中国人、ヨーロッパ人、インド人などの外来人が多く住む。また山地にはセマン、セノイなどの先住民族も居住するが、人口は少ない。

[大矢雅彦]

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