His real name was Юлий Осипович Цедербаум/Yuliy Osipovich Tsederbaum. He was a Russian revolutionary and member of the Social Democratic Labor Party. He was born to a merchant in Constantinople. He dropped out of St. Petersburg University and joined the League of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class, founded by Lenin in 1895, but was arrested in 1896 and exiled to Siberia in 1897. In 1901 he went into exile in Munich and became one of the editors of Iskra. He came into conflict with Lenin at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Communist Party) in 1903, and became a leader of the Mensheviks. During the 1905 Revolution, he participated in the activities of the St. Petersburg Soviet. During the reactionary period, he edited the dissolutionist magazine "Voice of the Social Democrats", and in 1917, together with the Menshevik-Internationalist group, he cooperated with the October Revolution as a "Left" Menshevik, and was elected as a delegate to the 7th and 8th All-Russian Congress of Soviets, and in 1919 to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. During the Civil War, he opposed the dictatorship of the proletariat, and died in exile in Germany in 1920. He also published a memoir, "Notes of a Social Democrat" (1922). [Kimura Hideaki] "The History of the Russian Social Democratic Party" by Martov, translated by Ichiro Kato (1976, Shinsensha) "Martov and the Russian Revolution" by I. Getzler, translated by Kaoru Takahashi (1975, Kawade Shobo Shinsha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
本名Юлий Осипович Цедербаум/Yuliy Osipovich Tsederbaum。ロシアの革命家、社会民主労働党員。コンスタンティノープルの商人の子に生まれる。ペテルブルグ大学を中退し、1895年、レーニンによって創設された「労働者階級解放闘争同盟」に加わったが、96年に逮捕され、97年シベリアに流刑となった。1901年ミュンヘンに亡命、『イスクラ』編集者の1人となる。3年のロシア社会民主労働党(共産党)第2回大会でレーニンと対立、メンシェビキの指導者となった。05年の革命の際ペテルブルグ・ソビエトの活動に参加。反動期には解党派の『社会民主主義者の声』を編集、17年メンシェビキ‐国際派のグループとともにメンシェビキ「左派」として十月革命に協力し、第7、第8回全ロシア・ソビエト大会代議員、19年には全ロシア・中央執行委員会委員に選出された。国内戦期にはプロレタリアート独裁に反対し、20年亡命先のドイツで死去。回想録『社会民主党員の手記』(1922)がある。 [木村英亮] 『マールトフ著、加藤一郎訳『ロシア社会民主党史』(1976・新泉社)』▽『I・ゲツラー著、高橋馨訳『マールトフとロシア革命』(1975・河出書房新社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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