French novelist. Born in Paris. Initially aiming to become a doctor, he graduated from medical school and obtained the title of Doctor of Medicine. He had also had an interest in literature for some time, and in 1906, together with Bildrac and Jules Roman, he barricaded himself in the monastery of Créteil, where he founded a literary movement with a printing press called the Abbaye School, which published its first collection of poems, but disbanded in 1908. When World War I broke out in 1914, he served as a military doctor, and produced Lives of a Martyr (1917) and Civilization (1918, Prix Goncourt), both of which are filled with scathing criticism of the horrors of war and machine civilization. Between 1920 and 1932, he completed five volumes of The Life and Adventures of Sullavan (1920-32), telling the story of an ordinary citizen. He also traveled to the former Soviet Union and the United States, writing A Journey to Moscow (1927) and Scenes from the Future Life (1930), criticizing the civilizations of the two great powers. In the 1930s, he resisted the rise of fascism, attending meetings of the International Committee for Intellectual Cooperation and taking part in its activities. In 1935, he was elected a member of the Academy. Between 1933 and 1945, he published ten volumes of Notes of the Pasquier Family, which depicts the historical changes of a Parisian family and tells the story of Laurent Pasquier, who was born into that family and became a biologist. It can be said that Duhamel's optimistic and positive humanism was embodied in his novels. During the Second World War, he remained in Paris during the German occupation and observed silence in mourning for his homeland. At the same time, he wrote a novel, "The Voyages of Patrice Perillo" (1950), expressing his anguish in confronting radical thinkers such as Aragon. He is highly regarded as a clear-sighted observer and a humanist who never strayed from the golden mean. [Hiroyuki Doi] "The Martyrs" translated by Kimura Taro (1950, Sogensha)" ▽ "On Civilization" translated by Matsuo Kuninosuke (1953, Yomiuri Shimbun)" ▽ "The Pasquier Family Records" translated by Hasegawa Shiro (1950-52, Misuzu Shobo) (20 volumes) ▽ "The Wanderings of Patrice Périllo" translated by Watanabe Kazuo (1952, Iwanami Shoten)" [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの小説家。パリ生まれ。初め医学を志し、医科大学を卒業、医学博士の称号を得た。以前から文学にも興味を抱き、1906年にビルドラック、ジュール・ロマンなどとともにクレテイユの僧院に立てこもって、アベイ派と称する印刷所をもった文学運動をおこし、最初の詩集を出版したが、08年に解散した。14年第一次世界大戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)で軍医として従軍、戦争の悲惨と機械文明に対する痛烈な批判に満ちた『殉難者の生涯』(1917)と『文明』(1918。ゴンクール賞)とを生んだ。 1920年から32年にかけては、『サラバンの生涯と冒険』5巻(1920~32)を完結、平凡な一市民の物語を展開した。また旧ソ連とアメリカに旅行し、『モスクワ紀行』(1927)および『未来生活風景』(1930)を書き、二大国の文明を批判している。30年代に入ってからは、ファシズムの台頭に抵抗し、国際知的協力委員会の会合に出席し、活動を行った。35年にはアカデミーの会員に選ばれた。33年から45年にかけて彼は『パスキエ家の記録』10巻を発表したが、これはパリのある小市民の家庭の歴史的な変遷を描きながら、その家庭に生まれたローラン・パスキエが生物学者として活躍する物語であり、デュアメルのあくまで楽天的・肯定的なヒューマニズムを小説のなかに具象化したものといえよう。 第二次大戦、ドイツ軍のパリ占領中はパリにとどまり、祖国の喪に服して沈黙を守った。同時にアラゴンなどの急進思想家と対決しての苦悶(くもん)を表明した小説『パトリス・ペリヨの遍歴』(1950)を書いた。明晰(めいせき)な観察者、中庸を外れないヒューマニストとして高く評価されている。 [土居寛之] 『木村太郎訳『殉職者』(1950・創元社)』▽『松尾邦之助訳『文明について』(1953・読売新聞社)』▽『長谷川四郎訳『パスキエ家の記録』20冊(1950~52・みすず書房)』▽『渡辺一夫訳『パトリス・ペリヨの遍歴』(1952・岩波書店)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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