The remains of a castle in Tonokura, Shuri, Naha City, Okinawa Prefecture. It was the royal palace during the Ryukyu Kingdom era, and its castle grounds were oval-shaped, measuring 400 meters east to west and 270 meters north to south. It had an area of 46,167 square meters and was surrounded by sturdy stone walls. There were four stone arch gates on the outer wall and eight gates on the inner wall, and many facilities were built inside, including the main hall. The famous Shureimon Gate was the second outer gate leading to Shuri Castle. It was built by Sho Hashi in the early 15th century, and although it was often damaged by fires and other incidents afterwards, it was rebuilt each time, and boasted a magnificent appearance as the base of the kingdom. In 1879 (Meiji 12), King Shō Tai surrendered the castle by order of the Meiji government, which led to the collapse of the kingdom and the end of Shuri Castle's history as a royal palace (Ryukyu Disposition). It was later used as a barracks for the Okinawa Detachment of the Kumamoto Garrison, but thanks to the efforts of Ito Chuta and others, it underwent major repairs in 1923 (Taisho 12), and two years later it was designated a national treasure. In 1944 (Showa 19) during World War II, the castle was completely destroyed by American artillery and bombing, as a headquarters bunker for the Japanese 32nd Army was built underground. After the war, with the support of the Americans, the University of the Ryukyus was built on the site (1950), and in 1972 it became a nationally designated historic site. After the university was relocated, restoration work on the main hall, castle walls, and castle gates began in 1986. In 1992 (Heisei 4), when the National Okinawa Memorial Park was opened together with the Okinawa Ocean Expo Memorial Park, the area around the Shuri Castle site became the Shuri Castle area (Shuri Castle Park) of the park. The buildings and gardens of Shuri Castle Park continue to be developed with the aim of recreating the historical landscape. However, a fire broke out on October 30, 2019 (Reiwa 1), completely burning down the main hall, south hall, and north hall, damaging seven buildings totaling approximately 4,800 square meters. The fire also destroyed approximately 400 artifacts from the Ryukyu Dynasty. In 2000, the "Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of the Ryukyus" was registered as a World Heritage Site (World Cultural Heritage) for the unique cultural heritage of the Ryukyu region. The nine sites that are registered are (1) Shuri Castle ruins, (2) Sonohyan-utaki Stone Gate, (3) Tamaudun, (4) Shikinaen Garden, (5) Nakijin Castle ruins, (6) Katsuren Castle ruins, (7) Zakimi Castle ruins, (8) Nakagusuku Castle ruins, and (9) Sefa Utaki. Shuri Castle ruins is also known as the most representative historical site. [Takara Kurayoshi] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | |Nationally designated historic site. Part of the World Cultural Heritage "Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of the Ryukyus" (registered in 2000). Naha City, Okinawa Prefecture . ©Okinawa Tourism and Convention Bureau . Shuri Castle Ruins Nationally designated historic site. Part of the World Cultural Heritage "Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of the Ryukyus" (registered in 2000). Naha City, Okinawa Prefecture . ©Okinawa Tourism and Convention Bureau . Shuri Castle Kankaimon Gate Naha City, Okinawa Prefecture ©Okinawa Convention & Visitors Bureau "> Shureimon Gate Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
沖縄県那覇(なは)市首里当蔵(とうのくら)にある城跡。琉球(りゅうきゅう)王国時代の王宮にあたり、東西最長約400メートル、南北最長約270メートル、全体に楕円(だえん)形の城域をもつ。面積4万6167平方メートルの規模をもち、堅牢(けんろう)な石垣で囲まれていた。外郭に四つの石造拱門(きょうもん)(アーチ門)、内郭に八つの門があり、その内部には正殿をはじめ多くの施設が建ち並んでいた。有名な守礼門(しゅれいもん)は首里城に至る第二の外門にあたる。15世紀初期に尚巴志(しょうはし)の手で整備され、以後、火災などによりしばしば損壊を受けたが、そのつど再建され、王国の拠点としての偉容を誇った。1879年(明治12)、明治政府の命により国王尚泰(しょうたい)が城を明け渡すことにより王国は崩壊、王宮としての首里城の歴史にも終止符が打たれた(琉球処分)。その後、熊本鎮台沖縄分遣隊の営所として用いられたが、伊東忠太(いとうちゅうた)らの尽力で1923年(大正12)大修築が行われ、その2年後に国宝に指定された。第二次世界大戦中の1944年(昭和19)日本軍第三二軍の司令部壕(ごう)がその地下につくられたためアメリカ軍の砲爆撃を受け全壊した。戦後、アメリカのきもいりで跡地に琉球大学ができ(1950)、1972年国指定史跡となった。その後、大学が移転したため、1986年から正殿、城壁、城門の復原工事が進められ、1992年(平成4)沖縄海洋博覧会記念公園とあわせて国営沖縄記念公園が開園したのに伴い、首里城跡一帯は同公園の首里城地区(首里城公園)となった。なお、首里城公園では歴史的景観の再現を目ざして、建造物や庭園の整備が続けられている。しかし2019年(令和1)10月30日に発生した火災により正殿、南殿、北殿が全焼するなど7棟約4800平方メートルが被害を受けた。また、この火災により琉球王朝時代の工芸品など約400点が焼失した。 2000年、琉球地方の独特な文化遺産群を対象に「琉球王国のグスクおよび関連遺産群」が世界遺産の文化遺産(世界文化遺産)に登録された。登録遺産群は、(1)首里城跡、(2)園比屋武御嶽石門(そのひゃんうたきいしもん)、(3)玉陵(たまうどぅん)、(4)識名園(しきなえん)、(5)今帰仁城(なきじんじょう)跡、(6)勝連城(かつれんじょう)跡、(7)座喜味城(ざきみじょう)跡、(8)中城城(なかぐすくじょう)跡、(9)斎場御嶽(せいふぁうたき)、の9か所であるが、首里城跡はその代表的史跡としても知られる。 [高良倉吉] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | |国指定史跡 世界文化遺産「琉球王国のグスクおよび関連遺産群」の一部(2000年登録) 沖縄県那覇市©沖縄観光コンベンションビューロー"> 首里城跡 国指定史跡 世界文化遺産「琉球王国のグスクおよび関連遺産群」の一部(2000年登録) 沖縄県那覇市©沖縄観光コンベンションビューロー"> 首里城歓会門 沖縄県那覇市©沖縄観光コンベンションビューロー"> 守礼門 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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