Born: August 14, 1842, Nimes [Died] February 23, 1917. French mathematician in Paris. After graduating from the Ecole Normale Supérieure (Ecole Normale Supérieure), he was assistant in mathematical physics under J. Bertrand at the Collège de France (1866-67), teacher at the École Normale Supérieure (1867-72), lecturer at the École Normale Supérieure (1872-73), professor of mechanics at the University of Paris (1873-80), professor of geometry (1880-89), and dean of the Faculty of Science (1889-90). He was not only an excellent teacher and a famous mathematician, but also a talented organizer. Most of his mathematical achievements were related to geometry. Others included second-order partial differential equations, approximation of functions, and Darboux's theorem. Lectures on the general theory of surfaces and on geometric applications of infinitesimal analysis (4 volumes, 87-96) is one of Darboux's most important works, and for a long time it was read as a standard text on differential geometry. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1842.8.14. ニーム [没]1917.2.23. パリ フランスの数学者。エコール・ノルマル・シュペリュール (高等師範学校) を卒業後,コレージュ・ド・フランスの J.ベルトランのもとで数理物理学の助手 (1866~67) ,ルイ・ル・グラン高等中学校の教師 (67~72) ,高等師範学校講師 (72~73) ,パリ大学の力学教授 (73~80) ,幾何学教授 (80~89) ,理学部長 (89~90) 。すぐれた教師であり有名な数学者であっただけでなく,有能なオルガナイザーでもあった。数学上の業績はほとんどが幾何学に関するもの。ほかに2階の偏微分方程式や関数の近似に関するものやダルブーの定理がある。『曲面の一般理論と無限小解析の幾何学的応用についての講義』 (全4巻,87~96) はダルブーの最も重要な業績の1つであり,その後長い間,微分幾何学の標準的テキストとして読まれた。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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