Born August 14, 1945 in Waco, Texas. American comedian, writer, and producer. He started out as a stand-up comedian, then enjoyed success in film, television, and on Broadway. After enrolling at California State University, he worked as a musician and magician at Disneyland, where he discovered the joy of performing in front of an audience. He began performing banjo-play comedy in nightclubs, and soon transferred to UCLA to major in theater. While a student there, in 1967, he became a writer for the popular TV show "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour," and won an Emmy Award in 1969. In 1976, he appeared on the NBC variety show "Saturday Night Live," which led to him becoming a top comedian within a few months. In 1977, he made his film debut with a script he wrote himself. After this, he formed a long-term partnership with writer/director/actor Carl Reiner, producing hit comedies such as The Jerk (1979). He continued to work on critically popular but unpopular works, while also maintaining his popularity with entertainment works such as Little Shop of Horrors (1986) and Parenthood (1989). He also worked as a playwright, producing hits such as "Picasso at the Lapin Agile" (premiered in 1993). Martin
Martin, Paul Born August 28, 1938 in Windsor. Canadian politician. Prime Minister (in office 2003-06). Full name Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, Jr.. His father was a prominent Liberal politician. He studied at the University of Toronto and graduated from the law school in 1964. He qualified as a lawyer in 1966 but did not practice law. He instead joined Canada Steamship Company in Montreal. He grew the company, which was a domestic freight forwarding company, into a powerful multinational corporation and acquired it in 1981. He ran for the Liberal Party and was elected to the House of Representatives in 1988, but lost to Jean Chretien in the 1990 Liberal leadership election. In the 1993 election, the Liberal Party won a landslide victory and the Chretien government was formed. He was appointed Minister of Finance and demonstrated his outstanding skills. He significantly reduced the budget deficit, achieved a budget surplus for five consecutive terms, and implemented the largest tax cut in Canadian history. He rose to prominence as a key cabinet member in the Chretien administration, but was dismissed as finance minister in 2002. The following year, in 2003, he won the party leadership election held following Chretien's announcement of his resignation, and became prime minister. In the 2004 election, the Liberal Party won its fourth consecutive term, but fell short of a majority and became a minority government. In 2005, a motion of no confidence in the cabinet was passed in the House of Representatives due to allegations of corruption within the administration, and the House of Representatives was dissolved and an election was held, but the Liberal Party was defeated. In the same year, he stepped down as prime minister and party leader. Martin
Martin, Luther Born: circa 1748, New Brunswick
[Died] July 10, 1826. New York American lawyer. Member of the Constitutional Convention of 1787. A passionate Federalist, he opposed T. Jefferson's idea of states' rights. He became a lawyer in Virginia in 1871, then moved to Maryland, where he served as Maryland's Attorney General from 1878 to 1805 and from 1818 to 1822. He led the defense in two famous cases during Jefferson's presidency: the impeachment case of Judge Chase and the treason case of Aaron Burr. He was also involved in many other important constitutional cases during the formation of the United States. The most famous case is McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), which disputed whether states had the power to tax federal agencies. In this case, he abandoned federalism and defended states' rights, but lost. Martin
Martin, Archer John Porter Born: March 1, 1910, London
[Died]28 July 2002. Llangarron, Hereford Worcester. British biochemist. Graduated from Cambridge University (1932), he worked on research into vitamin E at the Dunn Nutritional Laboratory from 1933, and on felt research at the Wool Research Association in Leeds from 1938. He was head of biochemistry at Boots Pharmaceutical Company (1946), a member of the National Institute for Medical Research (1948), head of biochemistry at the same institution, and director of Abbotsbury Laboratory (1959). He pioneered groundbreaking new techniques in chemistry, biology, and medicine, including the invention of chromatographic analysis using gas chromatography and paper chromatography for the separation of solution contents, and in 1952 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with his colleague RLM Synge. Martin
Martin, Glenn Luther Born January 17, 1886 in Maxburg, Iowa
[Died] December 4, 1955, Baltimore, Maryland American airplane designer, builder, and aviator. He built his first glider in 1907, and in 1909 established America's first airplane factory in an abandoned church building. While designing and building military aircraft, he also made a name for himself as an aerobatic pilot. From 1918 to 1919, he designed the Martin bomber for the U.S. Army. In 1929, he opened a new factory near Baltimore and founded the Glenn L. Martin Company. The bombers and flying boats he designed were used in World War II, and he also designed large passenger aircraft. In his later years, he donated money to engineering education and nature conservation, supporting their development. Martin
Martin, Homer Dodge Born October 28, 1836 in Albany
Died: February 12, 1897, St. Paul. American landscape painter. He studied under J. Hart and was elected a member of the National Academy of Design in 1874. In 1876 he went to Europe and was impressed by the works of Corot and the Barbizon School. In 1877 he was active as a founding committee member of the Society of American Artists. His early works show the influence of the Hudson River School, but he was later influenced by the French Barbizon School and established his own style as a landscape painter. However, he spent his later years in despair due to blindness. His major works include "Westchester Hills" and "The Wind Harp." Martin
Martin, John Born July 19, 1789. Hayden, Northumberland
[Died] February 9/17, 1854. Douglas British painter and printmaker. He moved to London in 1806 and produced many large-scale landscapes, as well as prints, watercolors, and oil paintings based on the Bible and history. His works were particularly popular in France, where he received a gold medal from Charles X in 1829, and was also favored by literary figures such as C. Sainte-Beuve and V. Hugo. His major works include The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (1852, Laing Art Gallery, Newcastle) and mezzotint illustrations for Milton's Paradise Lost. Martin
Martin, William Alexander Born: April 10, 1827.
[Died] December 17, 1916.
American Presbyterian missionary. Since travelling to China as a missionary in 1850, he worked to spread the gospel in various places and held important positions such as principal of the Dobunkan (1869-94), president of Peking University (98-1900), and advisor to the Qing government. His books on law and economics in English and Chinese (such as "Bankoku Koho" and "Fukokusaku") contributed to the modernization of Japan, and his main work, "Tendo Sugen" (The Source of Heavenly Way), was a missionary book written for the Chinese, but it also contributed to the spread of Christianity in Japan. Martin
Martin, Mary Born December 1, 1913 in Weatherford, Texas
[Died] November 3, 1990. Rancho Mirage, California. American singer and musical actress. She made her Broadway debut in 1938 in the musical "Leave It to Me." After starring in films, she returned to Broadway in 1942 and starred in such productions as "South Pacific" (1949), "The Sound of Music" (1959), and "Hello, Dolly" (1965), for which she received three Tony Awards. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
