Manta ray - Manta ray

Japanese: イトマキエイ - いとまきえい
Manta ray - Manta ray

A general term for the family or genus of the Mobulidae order of the Cartilaginous Fishes, or the name of one of the species. The Mobulidae family is characterized by a pair of ear-like or horn-like cephalic fins that protrude from the front end of the body.

Although the English name of the family Mobulidae is devil rays, they are extremely docile and do not fear humans. They feed on small fish and plankton by slowly swimming on the surface of the ocean and rotating up and down while skillfully moving the cephalic fin at the front end of their body. They reproduce by non-placental viviparity, and once the fetus has absorbed its own egg yolk, it grows by receiving uterine milk (a lipid nutrient secreted from the mother's uterine wall) from the mother. There is one family and one genus, Mobula , which is found in the waters off Japan. There are five known species in total, including three species with their mouths on the underside of the body, such as the manta ray M. mobular , and two species with their mouths at the front end of the body, such as the giant manta ray M. birostris . Of these, the giant manta ray (commonly known as Manta) is the largest of all rays, with a body disc width of up to 9 meters.

The spinetail devilray species can reach a body width of 3.5 meters and give birth to one or two young with a body width of 90 to 160 centimeters. It inhabits the continental shelf and the waters around oceanic islands, and is found in Japanese waters south of Hokkaido, and is known from tropical waters around the world. It is occasionally caught in fixed nets. On the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, both the spinetail and giant manta rays are listed as "endangered" (EN) species (as of August 2021).

[Kazuhiro Nakatani September 17, 2021]

[Reference] | A
Manta Ray (Specimen Drawing)
© Tadaaki Ohkata ">

Manta Ray (Specimen Drawing)

Major types of rays (1) [specimen illustration]
©Tomita Hyakushu ">

Major types of rays (1) [specimen illustration]


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

軟骨魚綱トビエイ目の科や属の総称、またはその1種の名称。イトマキエイ科Mobulidaeは、胸びれの一部が体の前端に突き出て、1対(つい)の耳状または角(つの)状の頭鰭(とうき)を形成することが大きな特徴である。

 イトマキエイ科の英名はdevilrays(悪魔のエイ)であるが、性質はきわめておとなしく、人をあまり恐れない。餌(えさ)は小魚やプランクトンで、海の表層部をゆっくり泳いだり、上下に回転したりしながら、体前端にある頭鰭を巧みに動かして食べる。生殖方法は非胎盤型の胎生で、胎仔(たいし)は自分の卵黄を吸収してしまうと母体から子宮ミルク(母親の子宮壁から分泌される脂質栄養物)を受けて成育する。1科1属で、日本近海のイトマキエイ属Mobulaには、口が体の下側にあるイトマキエイM. mobularなど3種と、口が体の前端にあるオニイトマキエイM. birostrisなど2種、合計5種が知られている。このなかでも、オニイトマキエイ(通称マンタManta)はエイ類中でも最大になり、体盤幅が9メートルに達する。

 種としてのイトマキエイ(英名spinetail devilray)は体盤幅で3.5メートルになり、同90~160センチメートルの子を1~2尾産む。大陸棚や海洋島周辺海域に生息し、日本近海では北海道以南に分布、世界の温熱帯海域から知られている。定置網などでときどき漁獲される。国際自然保護連合(IUCN)のレッド・リストでは、イトマキエイとオニイトマキエイは両種ともに絶滅危惧(きぐ)種中の「危機」(EN)に指定されている(2021年8月時点)。

[仲谷一宏 2021年9月17日]

[参照項目] | エイ
イトマキエイ〔標本画〕
©大片忠明">

イトマキエイ〔標本画〕

エイのおもな種類(1)〔標本画〕
©冨田百秋">

エイのおもな種類(1)〔標本画〕


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