Ai (indigo) - Ai (English spelling) Chinese indigo

Japanese: アイ(藍) - あい(英語表記)Chinese indigo
Ai (indigo) - Ai (English spelling) Chinese indigo

An annual plant of the Polygonaceae family (APG classification: Polygonaceae). Native to Southeast Asia. It is believed to have been introduced to Japan from China before the Asuka period. The stem is 50-80 cm tall. In summer, small red or white flowers grow in spikes at the ends of the branches. The seeds are 2-3 mm long, black when ripe, oval, and have three edges. The leaves are pointed and oval, reddish and dark green in color. It is cultivated to extract indigo, a deep blue dye, from its leaves. Indigo is extracted from several plants, including Ryukyuai (Acanthaceae), Taisei (Brassicaceae), and Nanbankomatsunagi (Leguminosae), so this species is sometimes called Polygonaceae in particular. In Japan, varieties such as "Kojoko", "Hyakkan" and "Kosenbon" have long been cultivated, but today "Kojoko" is the main variety cultivated. There are red and white flower varieties, the red flower variety is early-ripening and has good quality and yield, while the white flower variety is late-ripening, has strong disease resistance and has the best leaf quality.

The suburbs of Kyoto and Osaka have long been known as indigo producing areas, and from the mid-Edo period onwards Awa Province (Tokushima Prefecture) became the main production area. It was cultivated fairly widely until the Meiji period, but cultivation dropped sharply due to the import of indigo extracted from Indian indigo and the development of synthetic indigo. However, due to its color and its long-lasting color when dyed on cotton, it is still in demand for use in luxury goods, and it continues to be cultivated in some areas, such as Tokushima Prefecture.

In traditional Chinese medicine, the fruit and dried leaves are used to reduce fever and detoxify, and among the general public, a decoction of indigo fruit or the juice of crushed fresh indigo leaves is applied externally to treat the bites of poisonous insects.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika December 11, 2020]

[Reference item] | Indigo | Indigo
Major species of Polygonum (specimen illustration)
©Kanzo Otawa ">

Major species of Polygonum (specimen illustration)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

タデ科(APG分類:タデ科)の一年草。東南アジア原産。日本には飛鳥(あすか)時代以前に中国から渡来したとされる。茎の高さは50~80センチメートル。夏に、枝先に紅色または白色の小花を穂状につける。種子は長さ2~3ミリメートル、熟すと黒色、卵形で3稜(りょう)がある。葉は先のとがった卵形で、全体が赤みを帯びて黒ずんだ緑色。葉から濃青色の染料インジゴをとるために栽培される。インジゴをとる植物にはリュウキュウアイ(キツネノマゴ科)、タイセイ(アブラナ科)、ナンバンコマツナギ(インドアイ)(マメ科)など数種あるところから本種をとくにタデアイとよぶこともある。日本には昔から「小上粉(こじょうこ)」「百貫(ひゃっかん)」「小千本(こせんぼん)」などの品種が栽培されたが、現在はおもに「小上粉」が栽培されている。これには赤花種と白花種があり、赤花種は早生で品質、収量がよく、白花種は晩生で耐病性が強く、葉の品質はもっとも優れている。

 藍の産地として古くから京都、大阪の近郊が知られ、江戸時代中期以降は阿波(あわ)国(徳島県)が主産地となった。明治時代まではかなり広く栽培されていたが、インドアイからとったインジゴの輸入や、合成インジゴの開発で栽培は激減した。しかし、色合いや木綿などに染め付けて色もちがよいことなどから現在も高級品用に需要があり、徳島県など一部の地域で栽培が続いている。

 漢方では果実・乾葉を解熱、解毒に用い、民間では藍実(らんじつ)の煎汁(せんじゅう)や、新鮮な藍葉をもんだ汁を毒虫の刺傷に外用した。

[星川清親 2020年12月11日]

[参照項目] | | インジゴ
タデのおもな種類〔標本画〕
©大多和鐘三">

タデのおもな種類〔標本画〕


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