Matilda; Maud

Japanese: マティルダ(英語表記)Matilda; Maud
Matilda; Maud
[Born] 1102. London
[Died] September 10, 1167. Daughter of King Henry I of England, near Rouen, Normandy. Also called Maud. Married Holy Roman Emperor Henry V in 1114. After her husband died in 1125, she remarried Geoffrey of Anjou, Count of France, in 1128 and gave birth to Henry. After her father Henry I's death in 1135, her cousin Stephen claimed the throne, but she claimed the right to the throne and invaded England in 1139, sparking a long civil war. She captured Stephen in 1141 and briefly took control of the kingdom, but was chased by the citizens of London who opposed her arrogance and oppression. The civil war continued, but in 1153, a peace was made and Stephen's throne was recognized. When he died the following year in 1154, her son Henry II was placed on the throne, and the Plantagenet dynasty was established.

Matilda
Matilda of Canossa

[Born] 1046. Lucca
[Died] July 24, 1115. Daughter of Boniface, Duke of Tuscany, and Beatrice, Countess of Lorraine. Also spelled Matilda. She had vast estates in Tuscany, Lombardy, and Lorraine. She supported the Pope in the investiture dispute between the Pope and the Emperor, and is famous for the surrender of Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV in 1077 at Matilda's castle in Canossa (see Humiliation of Canossa). Upon her death, she donated vast lands to the Church, but a long-running dispute ensued between the Pope and the Emperor over the ownership of those lands.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1102. ロンドン
[没]1167.9.10. ノルマンディー,ルーアン近郊
イングランド王ヘンリー1世の娘。モードとも呼ばれる。 1114年神聖ローマ皇帝ハインリヒ5世と結婚。 1125年夫が没し,1128年フランスのアンジュー伯ジョフロアと再婚,ヘンリーを産む。 1135年父王ヘンリー1世の死により,従兄のスティーブンが王位を称したのに対し,王位継承権を主張し,1139年イングランドに侵入,長年にわたる内乱を引き起こした。 1141年スティーブンを捕え,一時王国の支配権を握ったが,高慢と圧政に反対したロンドン市民に追われた。内乱は継続したが,1153年和を結んでスティーブンの王位を承認。翌 1154年彼が死んだため,子のヘンリーを同2世として王位につけ,プランタジネット朝の基を開いた。

マティルダ
Matilda of Canossa

[生]1046. ルッカ
[没]1115.7.24. ボンデーノ
トスカナ侯ボニファチオとロートリンゲン女伯ベアトリーチェの娘。マチルダとも表記される。トスカナ,ロンバルディア,ロートリンゲンに広大な領地をもっていた。教皇と皇帝の叙任権論争で教皇を支持し,1077年マティルダ所有のカノッサ城で起こった神聖ローマ皇帝ハインリヒ4世の屈服は有名(→カノッサの屈辱)。死に際して教会に広大な領地を寄進したが,その領地の帰属をめぐって教皇と皇帝の間で長期の紛争が続いた。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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