It is one of the marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean, and is an area of water that stretches between Great Britain and the European continent. The northwestern part is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Orkney Islands and the Shetland Islands, and the northern part is connected to the Norwegian Sea through the Shetland Islands and Norway. To the southwest, it passes through the Strait of Dover to the English Channel, and to the east, it passes through the Skagerrak and Kattegat Straits to the Baltic Sea. Its area is about 575,000 km2 . It is about 1,100 km north to south and about 600 km east to west. Its average depth is about 90 m, and its deepest point is 680 m. The coasts of Scotland and Norway are deeply incised by fjords, but the coastlines of Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and England on the southern coast are monotonous. There are many shallow bank formations such as Dogger Bank on the seabed, and it is the center of the North Sea fishing grounds. Promising oil fields have also been discovered there, and full-scale operation has been underway since 1975. The tides are large in the English and German inlets, and the salinity is 34-35‰. Most of the sea does not freeze over, but the northern coast can freeze over for 15-30 days. The main coastal ports are Antwerp, Rotterdam, Bremen and Hamburg. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
大西洋の縁海の一つで,グレートブリテン島とヨーロッパ大陸との間に広がる海域。北西部はオークニー諸島とシェトランド諸島間を通じて大西洋に連なり,北部はシェトランド諸島とノルウェー間を通ってノルウェー海へと連なる。南西方向へはドーバー海峡を経てイギリス海峡にいたり,東方へはスカゲラク海峡,カテガト海峡などを経てバルト海へ通じる。面積約 57万 5000km2。南北約 1100km,東西約 600km。平均深度約 90m,最深部 680m。スコットランドやノルウェーなどの海岸はフィヨルドにより深く切込まれているが,南部海岸のデンマーク,ドイツ,オランダ,ベルギー,イングランド地方の海岸線は単調。海底にはドッガーバンクなどの浅堆地形が多く,北海漁場の中心をなす。また,有望な油田が発見され,1975年から本格操業に入っている。潮流は北部の海峡を通じて大西洋から流入し,イングランドやドイツの入江部では潮の干満が大きい。塩分は 34~35‰で,大部分の海域は氷結しないが,北部の沿岸部では 15~30日結氷する場合もある。沿岸のおもな港はアントウェルペン,ロッテルダム,ブレーメン,ハンブルクなど。
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