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Also called "Kanto", it can be written as Canton, Hanto, or Hanto. Striped and checkered fabrics imported from the Muromachi period to the beginning of the Edo period were used especially as tea ceremony cloths and were highly valued as "famous cloths". Most of them are striped silk fabrics that are thought to have been produced in southern China, but some are cotton or cotton and silk mixed weaves made in India and Indonesia. For example, some of them, such as Champa stripes woven near Champa in Annam and Bengara stripes woven in the coastal areas of the Bay of Bengal in India, are included in the famous "famous cloths" because of the coarse cotton style that silk does not have. The famous Rikyu and Hino cloths are also striped fabrics, the former made of cotton and the latter made of cotton and silk.

It is not clear when the name "Madō" began to be used to refer to striped fabric, but since the name "Madō" existed in the Ming Dynasty in China, and the line "Blue and white Madō-yuki-shibori..." in "Suikoden" is understood to refer to blue and white striped fabric as Madō, it is believed that the name "Madō" was also brought over from China along with striped fabric. Also, among the dyed and woven products bearing the name of Canton (Madō), there is an ancient product called "Taishi Canton" or "Canton Nishiki" from the Asuka period, but this is a kasuri fabric handed down from Horyu-ji Temple, and is treated separately from the so-called striped Madō products, as there is a large gap between them in terms of time and technology.

Today, there are many types of "famous masts" known by specific names, but looking at them in terms of stripe patterns, there are (1) those with vertical stripes such as the Kamakura and Ebigara masts, (2) those with vertical stripes and horizontal lines in the Sanada style such as the Funakoshi, Yahee, and Ito masts, (3) those with thick Sanada-style latticework such as the Yoshino masts, (4) those with large and small stripes such as the Takagi and Aoki masts, (5) those with a mixture of vertical stripes and latticework such as the Aoki, Mochizuki, and Funakoshi masts, (6) those with staggered stripes such as the Hino masts, and (7) those with vertical stripes and floating patterns such as the Satsuma, Sagara, and Miyauchi masts.

[Ogasawara Sae]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

「かんとう」ともいい、広東、漢島、漢東などの文字があてられる。室町時代から江戸時代初頭にかけて舶載された縞(しま)・格子の織物で、とくに茶席の裂(きれ)として用いられ、「名物裂(ぎれ)」の名で珍重されてきたものをさす。その多くは中国南部の地方より産出されたと思われる絹の縞織物であるが、なかにはインドやインドネシアでつくられた木綿、あるいは木綿と絹の交織の縞裂も含まれる。たとえば安南の占城(チャンパ)付近から織り出された占城縞、インドのベンガル湾の沿岸地方から織り出された弁柄(べんがら)縞などのあるものには、絹にない粗笨(そほん)な木綿の風趣によって名物間道に入れられているものがある。著名な利休間道や日野間道も、前者は木綿、後者は木綿と絹の交織の縞物である。

　間道の名が縞裂の呼称としていつごろから用いられ始めたものか明らかでないが、中国の明(みん)代には「間布」の名があること、また『水滸伝(すいこでん)』中にある「青白間道行纏絞……」の一文が、青と白の縞裂を間道と称していると解されることから、「間道」の名称もまた、縞裂とともに中国からもたらされたものと考えられる。また広東（間道）の名をもつ染織品に、古く飛鳥(あすか)時代の「太子広東(たいしかんとう)」あるいは「広東錦(にしき)」とよばれるものがあるが、これは法隆寺伝来の絣(かすり)織物であり、いわゆる縞の間道類とは時代的にも技術的にも大きな隔たりがあるので、別個に扱われている。

　今日「名物間道」として特定の呼称で知られるものは多種あるが、これを縞柄のうえからみると、(1)縦縞のものに鎌倉・海老殻(えびがら)間道など、(2)縦縞に真田(さなだ)風の横筋の入ったものに船越(ふなこし)・弥兵衛(やへえ)・伊藤間道など、(3)真田風の太い格子のあるものに吉野間道、(4)大小縞のものに高木・青木間道など、(5)縦縞と格子の交じるものに青木・望月(もちづき)・船越間道など、(6)よろけ縞のものに日野間道、(7)縦縞に浮文様の入ったものに薩摩(さつま)・相良(さがら)・宮内間道などがある。

［小笠原小枝］

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