Hawkins (Hawkyns), Sir John

Japanese: ホーキンズ（英語表記）Hawkins(Hawkyns)， Sir John

Born: 1532. Plymouth
[Died] November 12, 1595. British slave trader and naval officer off the coast of Puerto Rico. His father William and his brother William were both captains, merchants, and mayors of Plymouth. Following in his father's footsteps, he engaged in trade in Africa, and sold blacks he had stolen from Portuguese merchants on the Guinea Coast to South America, making the first slave trade in England (1562-64). He inspired Portuguese and Spanish merchants, and his ship was confiscated in the Spanish colony of Mexico. He worked for the Admiralty from 1577, contributed to the improvement of the British Navy, and built a hospital for sailors. In 1588, he fought against the Spanish Armada as an admiral, and was knighted. In 1595, together with F. Drake, he attempted to attack the Spanish West Indies with 27 ships, but died of illness the night before landing on Puerto Rico.

Hawkins
Hawkins, Sir Richard

[Born] Around 1560
[Died] April 18, 1622. London. British navigator and naval officer. Son of J. Hawkins. From 1585 to 1586, he participated in F. Drake's West Indies expedition and attacked Spanish ships. In 1588, he participated in the battle against the Spanish Armada. In 1690, he followed his father and attacked the Spanish coast. In June 1593, he set sail from Plymouth on a voyage around the world, and while sailing around the southern tip of South America and heading north along the west coast, he was seriously wounded in a battle with a Spanish fleet off the coast of Peru in June 1694, and was taken prisoner and taken to Spain. He was released in 1602 and returned to England. The following year, he was elected mayor of Plymouth. In 1604, he became vice-commander of the navy. In 1620, he participated in an expeditionary fleet to attack the Barbary pirates in Algeria.

Hawkins
Hawkins, Eric

Born: 1909. Colorado, Trinidad
[Died] November 23, 1994, New York. American dancer. Started out as a ballet dancer, and from 1935 was a member of the American Ballet Theater and Ballet Caravan. In 1938, she joined the M. Graham Dance Company, and was active in the modern dance world as Graham's partner, and was married to Graham for two years. In 1951, she formed a small dance company with composer L. Dlugoszewski and sculptor R. D'Orazio, and created abstract works such as "Here and Now with Watchers" (1957), which toured the world.

Hawkins
Hawkins, Coleman

Born November 21, 1904 in St. Joseph, Missouri.
[Died] May 19, 1969. American jazz tenor saxophonist from New York. He entered the music world in his late teens and joined the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra in 1923. He traveled to Europe alone in 1934 and returned to Japan in 1939. His most famous hit song is "Body and Soul."

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1532. プリマス
[没]1595.11.12. プエルトリコ沖
イギリスの奴隷商人，海軍軍人。父ウィリアム，兄ウィリアムはともに船長，貿易商人でプリマス市長。父の跡を継ぎ，アフリカでの交易に従事，ギニー海岸でポルトガル商人から奪った黒人を南アメリカで売ってイギリス最初の奴隷売買を行い (1562～64) ，ポルトガル，スペインの商人を刺激し，メキシコのスペイン植民地で船を没収された。 1577年から海軍省に勤め，イギリス海軍の改良に貢献，船員のために病院を建設。 88年提督としてスペインの無敵艦隊と戦い，ナイト爵を叙爵。 95年 F.ドレークとともに 27隻の船舶を率いてスペイン領西インド諸島の襲撃を試みたが，プエルトリコ上陸前夜に病死。

ホーキンズ
Hawkins(Hawkyns)， Sir Richard

[生]1560頃
[没]1622.4.18. ロンドン
イギリスの航海者，海軍軍人。 J.ホーキンズの子。 1585～86年 F.ドレークの西インド遠征に参加しスペイン船を襲撃。 88年スペインの無敵艦隊との戦闘に参加。 90年父に従ってスペイン海岸を襲撃。 93年6月プリマスから世界周航に出帆し，南アメリカの南端を回って西海岸を北上中，94年6月ペルー沖でスペイン艦隊と戦って重傷を負い，捕虜になってスペインに連行された。 1602年釈放されイギリスに帰還。翌年プリマス市長に選出された。 04年海軍副司令官。 20年アルジェリアのバーバリー海賊を攻撃するための遠征艦隊に参加した。

ホーキンズ
Hawkins， Eric

[生]1909. コロラド，トリニダード
[没]1994.11.23. ニューヨーク
アメリカの舞踊家。バレエ・ダンサーとして出発し，1935年からアメリカン・バレエ・シアター，バレエ・キャラバンなどに在籍。 38年 M.グラハム舞踊団に入り，グラハムの相手役としてモダン・ダンス界で活躍，2年間グラハムと結婚生活を過した。 51年から作曲家 L.ドルゴゼウスキーや彫刻家 R.ドラジオと組んで小舞踊団を結成，"Here and Now with Watchers " (1957) などアブストラクト作品を作って世界を巡演した。