A type of porous, light-colored (light gray to white) pyroclastic material with a low apparent specific gravity. Many float on water. It is formed when relatively felsic magma such as rhyolite, dacite, and andesite rises near the surface of the earth and foams due to a sudden decrease in external pressure. The pores can form countless pipes, reflecting the flow of magma and its release into the air, and the partitions are often thin and thread-like. The light-colored part that forms the groundmass is made of volcanic glass, and is often dotted with phenocrysts of pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite like sesame seeds. It is also called floating stone. Its size ranges from a few millimeters to over one meter. As an airborne ejecta, like volcanic ash, it shows an elliptical distribution biased towards the east due to the westerly winds, but high-speed powder flows can also flow down the slopes of volcanoes as pumice flows. It is the same silicic acid-rich magma that formed pumice, but it contains little gas and when cooled rapidly without foaming, it becomes rocks such as obsidian, rosinite, and pearlite. It is sometimes formed in large quantities in connection with the formation of calderas, but even volcanoes that mainly produce mafic magma often erupt small amounts of pumice. The shirasu of southern Kyushu was formed in connection with the formation of calderas around Kagoshima Bay. [Toshihiko Yajima] [Reference] |Made in Niijima, Niijima Village, Tokyo ©Shogakukan "> pumice Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
多孔質で見かけ上の比重が小さく、淡色(明灰色ないし明白色)の火山砕屑物(さいせつぶつ)の一種。水に浮かぶものも多い。流紋岩質、石英安山岩質、安山岩質などの比較的珪長(けいちょう)質のマグマが地表近くに上昇し、急激な外圧の減少のために発泡して形成される。気孔はマグマの流動、空中放出などの過程を反映して、無数のパイプ群をなすことがあり、隔壁が細い糸状になることが多い。石基をなす淡色の部分は火山ガラスよりなり、輝石、角閃(かくせん)石、黒雲母(くろうんも)などの斑晶(はんしょう)がゴマ粒のようにちりばめられていることが多い。浮石ともいう。大きさは数ミリメートル大から1メートル大まである。空中放出物としては火山灰と同様、偏西風のため東側に偏った楕円(だえん)状の分布を示すが、軽石流として高速の粉体流が火山の斜面を流下することもある。軽石を形成したものと同一のケイ酸分に富むマグマで、ガス成分が少なく、発泡作用をおこさずに急冷すると、黒曜石(こくようせき)、松脂石(まつやにいし)、真珠石(いし)とよばれるような岩石になる。カルデラの形成に関連して大量に形成されることがあるが、苦鉄質マグマを主とする火山でも少量の軽石を噴出することも多い。南九州のシラスは鹿児島湾周辺のカルデラ形成に関連してできた。 [矢島敏彦] [参照項目] |東京都新島村 新島産©Shogakukan"> 軽石 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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