Edgeworth Equilibrium

Japanese: エッジワース均衡 - えっじわーすきんこう
Edgeworth Equilibrium


[Strategy, predictions and various results]
When price is used as a strategy in a market for homogeneous products, if each firm makes the short-sighted prediction that if it sets a lower price than its rivals, the other firm will not retaliate, and a price war will break out. The resulting competitive state (Bertrand equilibrium or Edgeworth equilibrium) will be desirable in terms of resource allocation. On the other hand, if firms base their predictions on the worst possible behavior of their rivals, their first priority will be to avoid retaliation from the other firm when they lower their prices, and price (downward) rigidity will result (for example, the theory of the inflected demand curve is an example of this).

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Edgeworth equilibrium" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[戦略・予測とさまざまな結果]
 同質的な製品の市場で価格が戦略として使われた場合,もし自分が相手より低い価格をつけても相手は報復しないだろうという近視眼的な予測を各企業がとれば,各企業は相手より低い価格をつけて需要を奪いとろうとし,価格戦争が起こる。その結果成立する競争的な状態(ベルトラン均衡またはエッジワース均衡)は,資源配分上も望ましいものであろう。逆に相手の行動のうち,自分にとって最悪な行動を基準に予想をたてるなら,価格を下げたときの相手の報復を避けることが第1となり,価格の(下方)硬直性が発生する(たとえば屈折需要曲線の理論はその例である)。…

※「エッジワース均衡」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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