Walter Philip Reuther

Japanese: ルーサー - るーさー(英語表記)Walter Philip Reuther
Walter Philip Reuther

American labor activist. Born in Wahring, West Virginia. His father was a German immigrant and socialist. In 1933, he visited Germany and the Soviet Union, where he worked at the Gorky Automobile Plant for two years. He returned to Japan in 1935 with a hatred for fascism and disillusionment with communism, and joined General Motors (GM). He devoted himself to organizing the United Auto Workers (UAW), and led the GM sit-in strike of 1936-1937. In 1946, he became UAW president and vice president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). In 1949, he expelled Communist unions from the CIO. In 1952, he became CIO president and promoted a merger with the American Federation of Labor (AFL). In 1955, he became vice chairman of the AFL-CIO after the merger. In 1963, he visited Japan and reached an agreement with Sohyo and Domei to establish a wage research center. In 1968, as a UAW leader, he withdrew from the AFL-CIO along with the transportation workers' union (Chimsters Union). From an anti-communist standpoint, he denounced the evils of the capitalist system and tackled problems such as inflation, pollution, and welfare. He died in a plane crash in May 1970.

[Nobuyuki Kawachi]

[References] | AFL-CIO

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの労働運動家。ウェスト・バージニア州ウェーリング生まれ。父はドイツ系移民で社会主義者。1933年ドイツと当時のソ連を訪れ、ソ連では2年間ゴーリキー自動車工場で労働。ファシズムへの憎悪と共産主義に対する幻滅を抱いて1935年に帰国、ゼネラル・モーターズ(GM)に入社。全米自動車労働組合(UAW)の組織活動に専心し、1936~1937年のGM座り込みストを指導。1946年UAW会長、産業別組合会議(CIO)副会長に就任。1949年CIOから共産党系組合を追放。1952年CIO会長になり、アメリカ労働総同盟(AFL)との合同を推進。1955年合同によりAFL-CIO副議長。1963年(昭和38)訪日し、総評、同盟と賃金研究センターの設置を協定。1968年UAW指導者として運送業労働組合(チムスターズ・ユニオン)とともにAFL-CIOから脱退。反共的な立場から資本主義体制の弊害を告発し、インフレ、公害、福祉などの問題と取り組んだ。1970年5月飛行機事故で死亡。

[河内信幸]

[参照項目] | AFL-CIO

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