Hojozu

Japanese: 放生津 - ほうじょうづ

A port city and political town since the Middle Ages, formed along the Uchi River flowing into Toyama Bay from Hojotsugata. It is part of Shinminato City (now Imizu City) in Toyama Prefecture. In the Middle Ages, it was part of Ooi Manor in Imizu County. During the Kamakura Period, Hodo-ji Temple, a Jishu sect dojo, was established here, and it became the base of the Jishu sect in Echizen Province, and it is believed that the shipping and maritime industries flourished. The coastal town of Nagoura was the territory of Kehi Shrine in Tsuruga, Echizen, and it is believed that this was due to its proximity to Kozu in Fushiki (now Takaoka City, Toyama Prefecture), the improvement of port functions due to sea regression, and the existence of an economic base centered on the Jishu sect. In the mid-Kamakura period, a shugosho (guardian's office) was established, and temples were established to the west of it, and along the Uchikawa River, Kehi Shrine and Sumiyoshi Shrine were enshrined, and with Nagoura Bay at its back, Hojotsu Hachimangu Shrine was established. In the late Kamakura period, a shipping merchant named Hon'amidabutsu was part of the Higashi-Hojotsu Jishu, and he made his fortune as a member of the Tsugaru fleet, which was organized under Tokuso of the Hojo clan and was exempt from the Kanto region. In 1306, when Hon'amida's ship called at Echizen Mikuniminato (present-day Mikuni-cho, Sakai City, Fukui Prefecture), the ship and its cargo were confiscated, which led to a dispute, but in 1320, a settlement was reached. In 1333, the brothers, wives and children of the governor, Nagoe Tokiari, were killed in defeat at Hojotsutsu, and during the Kanno Disturbance, the governor, Momonoi Naotsune, was pursued by Ashikaga Takauji and Yoshiakira, resulting in Hojotsutsu being burned down along with the famous Rinzai temple, Kogeji Temple. It is believed that the restoration began around 1382, when the tax on Hojotsu port ships was placed under the control of Iwashimizu Hachimangu Shrine. During the Muromachi period, the area flourished under the Jinbo clan, the deputy governor of Imizu and Nei counties, but in 1455, the Hojotsu residence was burned down by an attack by the forces of Hatakeyama Yoshinari. From 1493 to 1498, Yoshiki Ashikaga (Yoshitane Ashikaga) was welcomed to Hojotsu, and many shogunate servants, magistrates, and court nobles also came to the area. In 1520, the Jinbo clan was defeated by an attack by Nagao Tamekage of Echigo, and Hojotsu was also damaged by the war. It was later restored, and in 1581, Jinbo Nagaju extended protection to the markets in Hojotsu, Minatomachi, and in front of the Sannosha Shrine gate, prohibiting pushy buying and other acts of violence. The Uesugi clan, who controlled the area at that time, granted Jyuraku to Hojotsu, and it is known that the market prospered. The Narahagoe Shiori also includes a theory that the name of the place was changed to Hojotsu in 1328 because "the ancient port was called Nago, but the God's meeting was held on the 15th of August, which was an auspicious day for the Hojotsu ceremony." In the early modern period, it was part of the Kanazawa domain and prospered as a base for the shipping and fishing industries. In 1649, Hojozu Shinmachi was established, and both towns had many ocean-going ships and served as a stopover point for Kitamaebune ships transporting rice, lumber, and other goods. In 1858, Hojozu had 1,792 households, with 3,836 men and 3,719 women. In 1871, it merged with the surrounding towns and villages to form Shinminato.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

放生津潟から富山湾に流れ出す内(うち)川に沿って形成された中世以来の港湾都市・政治都市。富山県新湊(しんみなと)市（現・射水市）に属する。中世は射水(いみず)郡大袋(おおい)荘のうち。鎌倉時代に時宗(じしゅう)道場の報土(ほうど)寺が置かれ，越中国の時宗の拠点となり，舟運・海運業が盛んになったとみられる。海岸部の奈呉(なご)浦が越前敦賀(つるが)の気比(けひ)神宮領となっていたのも伏木(ふしき)（現富山県高岡市）の国府津に近いうえ，海退現象による港湾機能の向上，時衆を中心とする経済的基盤の存在が背景にあったと考えられる。鎌倉中期には守護所が置かれ，その西に寺院が進出，内川に沿っては気比社・住吉社が勧請され，奈呉浦を背にしては放生津八幡宮が設けられた。鎌倉後期，東放生津時衆に本阿弥陀仏という廻船業者がおり，北条氏得宗(とくそう)のもと組織された関東御免の津軽船団に属し，財をなしていた。1306年本阿の持船が越前三国湊（現福井県坂井市三国町）に寄港した際，船・船荷が剥奪されたため相論となったが，1320年に和与となった。1333年守護名越(なごえ)時有の兄弟妻子は放生津で敗死したといい，観応の擾乱(かんのうのじょうらん)期に守護桃井(もものい)直常が足利尊氏・義詮(よしあきら)に追討された結果，臨済宗の名刹興化(こうげ)寺などとともに放生津は焼失した。再興は，放生津湊船の課役が石清水(いわしみず)八幡宮の進止下に置かれるようになった1382年ころから始まったとみられる。室町時代には，射水・婦負(ねい)両郡の守護代神保(じんぼ)氏のもとで発展したが，1455年に放生津館が畠山義就(はたけやまよしなり)方の攻撃により焼かれた。1493年から1498年までは足利義材(よしき)（足利義稙(よしたね)）を放生津に迎え，多くの幕府奉公衆や奉行人・公家も下向した。1520年越後の長尾為景らの攻撃に神保氏は敗北し，放生津も戦乱の被害を受けた。その後復興し，1581年神保長住は放生津・湊町・山王社門前の市場に保護を加え，押買(おしがい)・狼藉などを禁じている。またこのころ当地を掌握していた上杉方が放生津に〈十楽〉を安堵しており，市が栄えていたことが知られる。なお《楢葉越栞》は地名由来として〈古来の浦を奈呉といへるが，神会八月十五日にて，幸ひ放生会式日なれば〉，1328年に放生津と改めたという説を載せる。近世は金沢藩領で，廻船業や漁業の拠点として繁栄した。1649年には放生津新町が町立てされ，ともに多くの外海船を所持し，米や材木などを回漕する北前船の中継地となった。1858年の放生津町の家数1792，男3836・女3719。1871年周辺町村と合併して新湊町となった。

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