Taoist priest

Japanese: 方士 - ほうし
Taoist priest

It means someone who has mastered special techniques or methods. Specifically, in ancient China, it refers to those who preached the theory of immortality or used magical techniques or formulas to achieve that goal. They are said to have been numerous in what is now Shandong Province and the surrounding areas and seaside areas. Later, in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, many Taoists appeared in the imperial court, proclaiming that they had succeeded in compounding an elixir of immortality, falsely claiming to bring back dead empresses, and claiming to have seen the five-colored "divine energy" and encouraging the construction of temples for the five emperors. From around the 3rd century AD, the term Taoist priests came to be used more frequently instead of this term.

[Fumiga Fukui]

"Ancient Chinese Academic and Political Science" by Gu Jie Gang, translated by Yoshihiko Ogura et al. (1978, Taishukan Shoten)

[Reference] | Taoist priest

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

特殊な技術、方法を身につけた人、の意味。具体的には、古代中国で、不老長生の説を唱えたり、そのための魔術的技法や薬方(やくほう)を使った者をさす。いまの山東省やその周辺の地や海辺に多かったと伝えられる。その後、紀元前3、2世紀には、宮廷にも多くの方士が現れて、不死の仙薬の調合に成功したと言上したり、亡くなった皇后を呼び戻してみせると詐(いつわ)ったり、五色の「神気」が見えたとして、五帝廟(びょう)を建てるよう勧めたりした。紀元後3世紀ごろからは、この語にかわって道士(どうし)の語が多く使われるようになった。

[福井文雅]

『顧頡剛著、小倉芳彦他訳『中国古代の学術と政治』(1978・大修館書店)』

[参照項目] | 道士

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