Kyoto Shugoshoku (Protector of Kyoto)

A job title in the Edo Shogunate during the late Edo period. In response to Commodore Perry's arrival in 1854 (Ansei 1), the lord of Hikone Domain, Ii Naosuke, was sent to Kyoto under the pretext of being the protector of Kyoto in order to cut off direct negotiations between foreign powers and the Imperial Court in Kyoto, but in 1860 (Man'en 1), Naosuke was assassinated, and the status of the Hikone Domain declined. Meanwhile, as political instability in Kyoto increased, the Shogunate institutionalized the position of Kyoto Shugoshoku, and appointed Matsudaira Katamori, lord of Aizu Domain, to this position in 1862 (Bunkyu 2). The main duties of the position were to monitor the Imperial Court and various daimyo, and to keep the peace in Kyoto, but they subordinated the Shinsengumi and carried out a bloody reign of terror under the pretext of mobilizing for public order. During the First Choshu Expedition in 1564 (Genji 1), the lord of Fukui Domain in Echizen was replaced by Matsudaira Yoshinaga, but Matsudaira Katamori soon returned and continued to rule until the Restoration of Imperial Rule. His salary was 50,000 koku.

[Michitaka Kamata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

幕末期の江戸幕府の職名。1854年（安政1）ペリー来航に対応して、外国勢力と京都朝廷との直接交渉を断つため、彦根(ひこね)藩主井伊直弼(いいなおすけ)を京都守護の名目で上京させたのが先例であるが、60年（万延1）直弼が暗殺され彦根藩の地位が低下した。一方京都の政情不安が増大すると、幕府は京都守護職を制度化し、会津藩主松平容保(かたもり)を62年（文久2）これに任じた。朝廷や諸大名の監視、京都の治安取締りを主たる任務としたが、新選組を配下とし、治安出動の名目で流血の恐怖政治を展開した。64年（元治1）の第一次長州征伐のとき越前(えちぜん)福井藩主松平慶永(よしなが)にかわったが、まもなく松平容保が復帰し、王政復古まで続いた。役料5万石。

［鎌田道隆］

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