Also called the Bohr magneton. It is the basic unit of magnetic moment, and is the smallest magnetic moment that occurs when an electron orbits around an atomic nucleus. It was derived in 1913 by Danish theoretical physicist N. H. D. Bohr in his theory explaining the atomic structure based on early quantum theory. The Bohr magneton μ B is given by μ B = eh /4π mc ( h is Planck's constant, e and m are the absolute value of the charge and mass of the electron, respectively), and has a magnitude of μ B = 9.27×10 -24 J / T. Here, J (joule) is the unit of energy, and T (tesla) is the unit of magnetic flux density. Using this unit, the magnetic moment of ferromagnetic nickel is 0.6 Bohr magnetons. If the angular momentum of the electron that carries the magnetic moment is J , the magnetic moment M is given as M = - g J J μ B. g J is called the Landé g factor, and is a constant that is 1 if the magnetic moment is due to the orbital motion of electrons, and 2 if it is due to spin. J is an integer or half integer for atoms in insulators, but can take any value when electrons can move around in the material, such as in metals. [Yoshikazu Ishikawa, Sumio Ishihara] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ボーア・マグネトンともいう。磁気モーメントの基本単位で、電子が原子核の周りを軌道運動するときに生ずる最小の磁気モーメントである。1913年デンマークの理論物理学者のN・H・D・ボーアが前期量子論に基づいて原子構造を説明した理論のなかで導出した。ボーア磁子μBは、μB=eh/4πmc(hはプランク定数、e、mはそれぞれ電子の電荷の絶対値と質量)で与えられ、μB=9.27×10-24J/Tという大きさをもつ。ここで、J(ジュール)はエネルギーの単位、T(テスラ)は磁束密度の強さの単位である。この単位を用いると、強磁性ニッケルの磁気モーメントは0.6ボーア磁子となる。磁気モーメントを担う電子の角運動量をJとすると、磁気モーメントMはM=-gJJμBとして与えられる。gJはランデのg因子とよばれ、磁気モーメントが電子の軌道運動によるならば1、スピンによるならば2となる定数である。Jは絶縁体中の原子では整数か半整数であるが、金属のように電子が物質中を遍歴できる場合は任意の値をとる。 [石川義和・石原純夫] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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