Mari Hoashi

A scholar of Chinese classics and science in the late Edo period. Born into a family of senior samurai in Hiji Domain, Bungo Province (Oita Prefecture). Commonly known as Satoyoshi, his pen name was Pengyo, his pen name was Gutei, and his given name was Manri. He first studied Chinese classics under Waki ​​Ranshitsu (1764-1814) in his birthplace, then under Nakai Chikuzan in Osaka, Kamei Nanmei in Hakata, and Minagawa Kien in Kyoto. In 1804 (Bunka 1), he became a professor at the domain school and also opened a private school. In 1832 (Tenpo 3), he became a domain elder retainer and reformed the domain government, resigning from his position in 1835 and thereafter devoting himself to teaching at the private school. During this time, in his 40s, he mastered Dutch and read European books on astronomy and introductory natural science, introducing them while also criticizing and providing his own unique views in the eight-volume "Kyuritsu" (published posthumously). In medicine, he wrote works such as "Medical Enlightenment" (1846), which presented an eclectic theory on the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and "Dong Qianfu Lun" (1844), which discussed reform of the national system, and many annotated works such as "The Book of Changes," "The Zhouyi," "The Spring and Autumn Annals of Zuo," "The Great Learning," and "The Analects of Confucius."

[Shin Watanabe]

"Hoashi Tounanji's book "Hoashi Banri" (1966, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸末期の漢学者、理学者。豊後(ぶんご)国（大分県）日出藩(ひじはん)の上級士の家に生まれる。通称は里吉、字(あざな)は鵬郷、号は愚亭、万里は諱(いみな)である。初め生国で脇蘭室(わきらんしつ)（1764―1814）に、ついで大坂の中井竹山(なかいちくざん)、博多(はかた)の亀井南冥(かめいなんめい)、京都の皆川淇園(みながわきえん)らに師事して漢学を修め、1804年（文化1）藩校の教授となり、また塾を開いた。1832年（天保3）藩家老となって藩政改革にあたり、1835年職を辞し、以後は塾での教育に専心した。この間、40歳代にオランダ語を修得し、ヨーロッパの天文学書や自然科学入門書などを読み、その紹介とともに批判や独自の見解も加えた『窮理通(きゅうりつう)』（全8巻）を著した（没後刊行）。医学でも漢方と洋方の折衷論を述べた『医学啓蒙(けいもう)』（1846）、国家体制の改革を論じた『東潜夫論(とうせんぷろん)』（1844）などの著作、『周易』『春秋左氏伝』『大学』『論語』などの標註(ひょうちゅう)も多い。

［渡辺　伸］

『帆足図南次書『帆足万里』（1966・吉川弘文館）』

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