Queue - bian-fa; pien-fa

Japanese: 辮髪 - べんぱつ（英語表記）bian-fa; pien-fa

Also called chihatsu. A hairstyle unique to men that was practiced by the northern peoples of Asia since ancient times. The hair is shaved except for the back of the head, and the remaining hair is grown long, braided, and hung down the back, but there are differences depending on the era and the people. During the Qing dynasty, Westerners called it a pig tail. When the northern peoples ruled China, they tried to get the Chinese to do the same, but it was the Qing dynasty that made sure it was implemented thoroughly. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing issued an order to cut hair, but it was temporarily suspended due to strong resistance, but the order was issued again the following year and violators were severely punished. As a result, it became a common custom throughout the Qing dynasty, but from the end of the Qing, anti-Qing groups began to show their resistance by wearing long hair, and it was abolished by the order to cut hair during the Xinhai Revolution (1911).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

薙髪 (ちはつ) ともいう。古来アジア北方諸民族の間に行われていた男子特有の髪型。後頭部を除く頭髪を剃上げ，残した毛髪を長く伸ばして編み，背後に垂らすが，時代や民族により相違がある。清代に西洋人はピッグテイル pig tailと呼んだ。北方民族が中国を支配した際，中国人にも行わせようとしたが，その徹底を期したのは清朝である。清では順治1 (1644) 年に薙髪令を出し，抵抗が強いために一時保留したが，翌年再び令を出し，違反者をきびしく罰した。このため清代を通じ一般的習俗となったが，清末から反清団体などが長髪によって抵抗の意を示すようになり，辛亥革命の断髪令 (1911) により廃止された。

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