Kujo family

Japanese: 九条家 - くじょうけ

The main line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan. One of the Five Regent Houses. The third son of the regent Tadamichi, Kanezane, who lived in Kujo Palace in Kyoto, allied with Minamoto no Yoritomo in the early Kamakura period and became regent and regent. Along with the Konoe family, they became one of the two great regent families. The Nijo and Ichijo families, also of the Five Regent Houses, branched off from Kanezane's grandson Michiie. They owned vast estates and were the key players in court politics as regents for generations until the end of the early modern period. Yoritsune and Yoritsugu, who are said to be the regent shoguns of the Kamakura shogunate, were from the Kujo family. In the Edo period, their estates were 2,000 koku, and later 3,000 koku. Hisatada, who became the regent at the end of the Edo period, became a supporter of the shogunate and resigned as an opponent. His grandson Michitaka played an active role as the governor-general of Oshu region of the government army during the Meiji Restoration, and was granted the title of duke after the Meiji Restoration. Empress Teimei was Michitaka's fourth daughter. The extensive collection of documents and classics is currently kept in the Archives and Mausolea Department of the Imperial Household Agency, and some of them have been published as "Kujo Family Documents" compiled by the same department.

[Harutake Iikura]

Kujo family estate

The estates of the Kujo family, etc. Among the regent family lands, there are the denka no watariryo, which are inherited and managed by successive clan heads, and the narrower sense of the family lands, which are private lands that can be disposed of. The estates of the regent family lands were accumulated and improved during the time of Fujiwara Tadazane and Tadamichi, and in the early Kamakura period, the Kujo and Konoe families were separated during the time of Kanezane and Motomichi. The core of the Kujo family territory was the territory that Kanezane's younger sister, Kokamon'in Seishi, handed over to Kanezane's son Yoshimichi in 1180 (Jisho 4), which consisted of 11 Saisho Kongoin territories, 34 Kujo territories, Yoryudo in Omi Province, and Obantoneri in three provinces (Izumi, Settsu, and Omi). Intertwined with the political situation in the early Kamakura period, the conflict between the Kujo and Konoe families was intense, but Kanezane prepared a general disposition document in 1204 (Genkyu 1) and sought to preserve his territory. Of the 60 manors in total, 47 were given to Gishumon-in Injinshi (Emperor Gotoba's Empress), 3 to Sessho Yoshitsune, 9 to Mido Gozen (wife of the late Yoshimichi), and 1 to Tatsuhime Gozen. The large number of manors given to Injinshi is thought to have been given for political reasons. Yoshimichi, the eldest son, died the following year in 1206 (Ken'ei 1), and the entire Kujo family estate was inherited by Michiie. The Kujo family reached its peak during Michiie's time, but in his later years, due to the rise of the Saionji family, it did not fare well, and in 1250 (Kencho 2), a general disposition document was created to secure the estate. The total number of places is 112, including 4 places for Senninmon'in Hikoko (Emperor Shijō's consort), 2 places for Konoe Kitano Mandokoro Ninko (wife of Kanetsune), 10 places for Kujō Zenni (wife of Norizane), 17 places for the Empress's attendant (Tsukashi), 40 places for the former regent (Ichijō Sanetomo), 26 places for the Minister of the Right (Kujō Tadaie), 2 places for princesses, 3 places for Tofuku-ji Temple, 6 places for Saisho Kongō-in Temple, 1 place for Fumon-in Temple, and 1 place for Komyobu-ji Temple. Among these, the territory granted to Ichijo Sanetsune later became the basis for the establishment of the Ichijo family territory, and the territory granted to Kujo Tadaie later absorbed the women's share and became the core of the Kujo family territory.

After that, amid the upheaval from the end of the Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the family's land gradually declined, and by 1396 (Oei 3), only 16 domains remained as official domains. A list of family domains from the end of the Sengoku period lists 21 domains, but these were already little more than a formality.

[Mitsuo Tanahashi]

"Harutake Iikura, "On the Establishment of the Kujo Family Estate and the Doka Sojoshosho" (Published in the 29th issue of the Shoryobu Kiyo, 1978, Imperial Household Agency)"

[References] | Kujo Family Documents

Kujo family / Brief family tree
Note: In the diagram, biological children are indicated with | and adopted children with ‖ ©Shogakukan

Kujo family / Brief family tree

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

藤原氏北家(ほっけ)嫡流。五摂家(ごせっけ)の一つ。関白忠通(ただみち)の三男で、京都九条殿に住んだ兼実(かねざね)が、鎌倉初期に源頼朝(みなもとのよりとも)と結び、摂政(せっしょう)・関白になって興した家。近衛(このえ)家と並んで五摂家の双璧(そうへき)となった。同じ五摂家の二条(にじょう)・一条(いちじょう)家は兼実の孫道家(みちいえ)から分かれた家である。広大な家領(けりょう)を所有し、代々摂関として近世末まで宮廷政治の重鎮であった。鎌倉幕府の摂家将軍といわれる頼経(よりつね)、頼嗣(よりつぐ)は九条家出身である。江戸時代の家領は2000石、のち3000石。幕末関白となった尚忠(ひさただ)は佐幕派となり、反対派のため辞職。孫道孝(みちたか)は明治維新に官軍の奥羽鎮撫(おううちんぶ)総督として活躍、明治維新後公爵を授けられた。貞明皇后(ていめいこうごう)は道孝の四女。豊富な文書典籍は現在宮内庁書陵部に蔵され、その一部は同部編『九条家文書』として刊行された。

［飯倉晴武］

九条家領

九条家の所領荘園(しょうえん)など。摂関家領のうちには、代々の氏長者(うじのちょうじゃ)が引き継ぎ管理する殿下渡領(でんかのわたりりょう)と、処分可能な私領としての狭義の家領がある。摂関家領の荘園群は藤原忠実(ただざね)・忠通(ただみち)の時代に集積と整備が進み、鎌倉初期、兼実(かねざね)・基通(もとみち)のときに九条・近衛(このえ)両家が分立する。九条家領の中心となったのは、兼実の妹皇嘉門院聖子(こうかもんいんせいし)が1180年（治承4）に兼実の子良通(よしみち)に譲った所領で、その内訳は、最勝金剛院(さいしょうこんごういん)領11か所、九条領34か所、近江国(おうみのくに)寄人(よりゅうど)、3か国（和泉(いずみ)、摂津(せっつ)、近江）大番舎人(おおばんとねり)などであった。鎌倉初期の政局と絡んで、九条・近衛両家の対立は激しいものがあったが、兼実は1204年（元久1）に至って惣処分状(そうしょぶんじょう)を作成し、所領の保全を図っていく。総計60か所の荘園のうち、宜秋門院任子(ぎしゅうもんいんじんし)（後鳥羽天皇(ごとばてんのう)の中宮）に47か所、摂政(せっしょう)良経(よしつね)に3か所、御堂御前(みどうごぜん)（故良通の室）に9か所、竜姫御前(たつひめごぜん)に1か所が、それぞれ与えられている。任子への大量の処分は、政治的配慮を秘めたものと考えられる。嫡子良通は翌々1206年（建永1）に没し、九条家領はあげて道家(みちいえ)に継承された。道家のとき九条家は極盛を迎えるが、その晩年は西園寺(さいおんじ)家の隆盛などもあって振るわず、1250年（建長2）その所領の確保のために惣処分状が作成される。その総計は112か所に上り、宣仁門院彦子(せんにんもんいんげんし)（四条天皇の女御(にょうご)）4か所、近衛北政所(このえのきたのまんどころ)仁子（兼経の室）2か所、九条禅尼(ぜんに)（教実(のりざね)の室）10か所、尚侍殿（佺子）17か所、前摂政（一条実経）40か所、右大臣（九条忠家）26か所、姫君2か所、東福寺3か所、最勝金剛院6か所、普門院1か所、光明峯寺(こうみょうぶじ)1か所がその内訳である。なお、このうち一条実経に譲与された所領は、のち一条家領成立の際にその基礎となり、九条忠家に譲与された所領が、のちに女子一期分(いちごぶん)を吸収して九条家領の中心となっていった。

　以後、鎌倉末から南北朝期の動乱のなかで、家領は徐々に衰微し、1396年（応永3）にはわずかに16か所が当知行(とうちぎょう)分として残存するにすぎない。戦国時代末期の家領目録には21か所を載せているが、すでに形骸(けいがい)を示すにすぎなかった。

［棚橋光男］

『飯倉晴武「九条家領の成立と道家惣処分状について」（『書陵部紀要』29号所収・1978・宮内庁）』

[参照項目] | 九条家文書

九条家／略系図

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例

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