Bad law - Akuho

Japanese: 悪法 - あくほう
Bad law - Akuho

Generally, it is understood as a law based on the ideals of law, but the issue of the obligation to obey bad laws has been debated since ancient times, including the trial of Socrates. Socrates, who thought he had done nothing wrong, was sentenced to death, but refused his friend's invitation to help him escape and drank poison himself. This is said to be a practical application of the idea of ​​"bad laws are law, too, dura lex, sed lex" (Latin). There are the following ideas about bad laws: (1) The idea based on natural law that "bad laws are not law. We have the right to resist them." (2) The idea that "bad laws are bad, but humans tend to think that things that are inconvenient for them are bad, and if we allow arbitrary resistance, it will lead to disorder, so resistance should be done with caution." (3) The idea that "there is no objectivity in what is good and what is evil, so there are no bad laws in the objective sense." Democracy is said to be a system that has the ability to legally change laws that people consider to be bad through freedom of expression and the right to vote.

[Ryuichi Nagao]

"Hosso Yawa, Vol. 1, by Hozumi Chinju (Iwanami Bunko)"

[References] | Legal positivism

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一般に法の理念にもとる法と解されるが、ソクラテスの裁判をはじめ、悪法への服従義務の問題をめぐって古くから論じられてきた。ソクラテスは、自分はなにも悪いことはしていないと思っていたのに、死刑の判決を受けて、友人の脱獄の誘いを断って、自ら毒杯を仰いだ。これは「悪法も法なり」Dura lex, sed lex(ラテン語)という考え方を実践したものといわれる。悪法に対する考え方には次のようなものがある。(1)「悪法は法でない。これに対しては抵抗権がある」という自然法論にたった考え方。(2)「悪法は悪いが、人間は自分に都合の悪いことを悪いと思いがちで、かってな抵抗を許すと、無秩序となるから、抵抗は慎重にすべきである」という考え方。(3)「何が善で何が悪かに客観性はないから、客観的な意味での悪法は存在しない」とする考え方、などである。なお、民主主義は、表現の自由と参政権によって、国民が悪法と思うものを、合法的に変革する機能をもつ制度であるといわれる。

[長尾龍一]

『穂積陳重著『法窓夜話・上』(岩波文庫)』

[参照項目] | 法実証主義

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