Hertzsprung - Ejnar Hertzsprung

Japanese: ヘルツシュプルング - へるつしゅぷるんぐ(英語表記)Ejnar Hertzsprung
Hertzsprung - Ejnar Hertzsprung

Danish astronomer. Discoverer of the relationship between stellar brightness and color (HR diagram). Born near Copenhagen, he completed his degree in chemical engineering at the Copenhagen University of Technology in 1898, and studied photochemistry as an engineer in Leipzig. He became acquainted with astronomer Schwarzschild in Copenhagen, and returned to Japan in 1902, where he learned observation techniques as an assistant at the Urania Observatory. In 1905, he illustrated the relationship between the absolute luminosity (brightness) of stars and their spectral type (color), and discovered that there are two types of red stars: giants and dwarfs. In 1909, Schwarzschild invited him to become an associate professor of astronomy at the University of Göttingen, and then to join the Potsdam Observatory. In 1919, he was appointed deputy director of the Leiden University Observatory in the Netherlands, and in 1935 he became director, retiring in 1945. The H in the HR diagram stands for Hertzsprung, who first published this relationship between absolute luminosity and spectral type in a photography magazine. Later, the American H.N. Russell discovered this relationship completely independently, and the diagram came to be called by adding the initial letter R.

[Shimamura Fukutaro February 18, 2019]

[References] | HR diagram | Luminosity | Schwarzschild | Spectral type | Red giant | Red dwarf | Russell

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

デンマークの天文学者。恒星の明るさと色との関係(HR図)の発見者。コペンハーゲン近郊に生まれ、1898年コペンハーゲン工科大学で化学工学を修め、技術者としてライプツィヒで光化学を学んだ。この地で天文学者シュワルツシルトの知遇を得て、1902年帰国してウラニア天文台で員外助手として観測技術を身につけた。1905年、恒星の絶対光度(明るさ)とスペクトル型(色)との関係を図示した結果、赤色星に巨星と矮星(わいせい)の2種があることを発見した。1909年シュワルツシルトに招かれてゲッティンゲン大学の天文学準教授、ついでポツダム天文台員に加えられた。1919年オランダのライデン大学天文台に副台長として迎えられ、1935年同台長となり、1945年に退任した。HR図のHはヘルツシュプルングの頭文字で、最初この絶対光度とスペクトル型の関係を写真雑誌に発表、その後、アメリカのH・N・ラッセルがまったく別個にこの関係を発見し、Rの頭文字を並用させてよぶようになった。

[島村福太郎 2019年2月18日]

[参照項目] | HR図 | 光度 | シュワルツシルト | スペクトル型 | 赤色巨星 | 赤色矮星 | ラッセル

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Hertzsprung-Russell diagram - Hertzsprung-Russell diagram

>>:  Herzog, Roman

Recommend

Toujin - Toujin

A marine fish belonging to the family Gadiformes ...

Oller, G. - Oller

...A carbocation with a charged carbon atom with ...

Germania Prima (English spelling) Germania Prima

The Alamanni's occupation of Agri-Decmatez an...

Quick tide - Quick tide

A phenomenon in which the current suddenly becomes...

Cab-over truck - Cab-over truck

...Since the driver's seat and cargo bed are ...

When to buy leather

〘Noun〙 (meaning the time when the 'kawa o'...

The diary of Ninagawa Chikamoto

This is the diary of Ninagawa Chikamoto, the Mando...

Pelopidas mathias (English spelling)

... Of closely related species, the Parnara naso ...

debris avalanche

...This causes great disasters at the foot of the...

Palo Alto (English spelling)

An upscale residential city in the Midwest of Cali...

Fish pole - Gyoho

…A type of musical instrument used in Buddhism, e...

Arabian oryx (English spelling)

...Shoulder height 85-140cm, body length 160-235c...

Mr. Suyama

A medieval local lord from Suyama Village, Oda Cou...

Halal - Hara-ru (English spelling) alāl Arabic

An Arabic word meaning "things permitted by ...