Lithuanian-born French sculptor. Born in Druskienki. In 1909, he moved to Paris to study at the École des Beaux-Arts, and also studied sculpture at the Academie Julian and drawing at the Academie Colarossi. In 1913, he met Cubist painters through the introduction of Mexican painter Diego Rivera, and became friends with Max Jacob, Modigliani, Soutine, and Picasso. In 1916, he met Gris, and was influenced not only by Cubism but also by Futurism, and attempted to give mass to his sculptures by contrasting or interweaving angular forms to emphasize the light and dark and to give them mass (Man with a Guitar, 1918, State Museum of Fine Arts, Duisburg). In 1924, he obtained French citizenship. From 1925, he began a series of "transparent" sculptures, such as "The Harpist" (1928), which aim to express his own sensory experience purely, eliminating the materiality of the material, like lines drawn in the air. From 1936 to 1938, he was commissioned by the French government to create a huge plaster statue of "Prometheus Strangling a Vulture" for the Paris World's Fair. Since then, he has produced many works that express the passionate drama of human and animal life through forms that are full of mass. In 1941, he went into exile in the United States. From 1962, he spent every summer in Pietrasanta, Italy, working on creating sculptures and casting works. He published an autobiography, "Autobiography in Sculpture" (1972), and to coincide with its publication, an exhibition of the same title was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. He died in Capri, Italy. [Kiyoo Uemura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
リトアニア出身のフランスの彫刻家。ドルスキエンキ生まれ。1909年パリに出て、エコール・デ・ボザールに通い、また彫刻をアカデミー・ジュリアン、素描をアカデミー・コラロッシで学ぶ。13年、メキシコの画家ディエゴ・リベラの紹介でキュビスムの画家たちと知り合い、マックス・ジャコブ、モディリアニ、スーチン、ピカソらと親交を結ぶ。16年、グリスと出会い、キュビスムだけでなく未来派からの影響も受け、角張った形態を対比、または交錯させて光の明暗を強調し、彫像に量塊をもたせようと試みる(1918年の『ギターを持つ男』、デュースブルク国立美術館)。24年、フランスの市民権を得る。25年から、空中に描かれる線のように、つとめて素材の物質感を排し、自らの感覚的な体験を純粋に表現しようとする『ハープ奏者』(1928)など、「透明」な彫刻の連作が始まる。36~38年、パリ万国博覧会のために『禿鷹(はげたか)を絞め殺すプロメテウス』の巨大な石膏(せっこう)像をフランス政府より委嘱されて制作。これ以後、量塊性(マツス)あふれる造形によって、人間と動物の激情的な生命のドラマを表現した作品が多い。41年アメリカに亡命。62年からは毎夏イタリアのピエトラサンタに滞在し、制作と作品の鋳造に従事した。自叙伝『彫刻の中の自伝』(1972)があり、その刊行にあわせて同じタイトルの展覧会がニューヨーク近代美術館で開かれた。イタリアのカプリに没。 [上村清雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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