Among the radars used in air traffic control, this is a primary radar that controls aircraft in the airspace around an airport as they approach and depart from the airport. It is also called ASR (short for airport surveillance radar). Primary radars control aircraft by obtaining two-dimensional information from the antenna, namely the distance and direction to the aircraft, and cannot measure the altitude of the aircraft. Radars that include altitude information are called secondary surveillance radars (SSR), and current air traffic control systems usually use a combination of ASR and SSR. ASR antennas are installed in areas with good visibility around the airport and are remotely controlled from the control room. The controller in the control room monitors the relative positions of aircraft displayed on the radarscope and guides them by radio, maintaining an appropriate distance between the aircraft. When aircraft approach the airport and begin their final approach for landing, ASR can be used in combination with a precision approach radar (PAR) to provide more precise control. ASR mainly uses radio waves in the 10-centimeter band, with a coverage area of approximately 90 to 130 kilometers and an altitude of up to approximately 8,000 meters. This radar also has a moving target indicator (MTI) function that eliminates reflected signals from ground obstacles such as mountains and rain from the radarscope, and shows only moving objects. [Kyoki Aoki and Shinichiro Nakamura] [Reference] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
航空管制に使用されるレーダーのうち、空港周辺空域にある航空機に対し、空港への進入や空港からの出発の管制を行う一次レーダー。ASR(airport surveillance radarの略称)ともいう。一次レーダーは、アンテナから航空機までの距離と方位の二次元の情報を得て管制を行うもので、航空機の高度は測定できない。この高度の情報が加わったものは二次監視レーダー(SSR secondary surveillance radar)とよばれ、現用の管制システムでは通常ASRとSSRとを組み合わせて使用している。 ASRのアンテナは空港周辺の見通しのよい場所に設置されており、管制室からリモートコントロールされる。管制室内の管制官はレーダースコープ上に表示された航空機の相対位置を監視し、無線電話により航空機間の間隔を適当な距離に保ちながら誘導する。航空機が空港に近づき、着陸のための最終進入に入ると、精測進入レーダー(PAR precision approach radar)と組み合わせて使用し、より精度の高い管制を行うことができる。 ASRの電波の波長は、主として10センチメートル帯が使用されており、覆域はだいたい90~130キロメートル、高度は約8000メートルまでである。また、このレーダーは、山などの地上障害物や、降雨による反射信号をレーダースコープから消去し、移動物体だけを写し出す機能MTI(moving target indicator)を備えている。 [青木享起・仲村宸一郎] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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