Hephaestus is the god of fire and blacksmithing in Greek mythology. He is usually considered the son of Zeus and Hera, but he was originally the god of volcanoes, associated with the volcanic regions from the Aegean Sea to Asia Minor. Since it was believed that the workshop of the god of fire was located deep inside the volcano, he became the god of blacksmithing and crafts, and created tools, weapons, and crafts with miraculous divine powers using magical techniques. Hephaestus was also born with a bad leg, and his birth mother Hera, disgusted by this, threw him from Olympus to the underworld. After falling into the sea, Hephaestus was saved by the sea goddesses Thetis and Eurynome, and was raised in an underwater cave for nine years, and it is said that it was around this time that he began to make various crafts. According to Homer, when Zeus and Hera fought over Hercules, Hephaestus sided with Hera, so Zeus grabbed him by the leg and threw him off Olympus. After falling all day, he crashed onto the island of Lemnos, and it is said that he suffered from a weakness in one leg ever since. His base, or workshop, was said to have been on the island of Lemnos, and later spread to volcanoes such as Lipara, Hiera, and Aetna (Etna). In Homer, he returned to Olympus and set up a workshop in the heavens, where he built temples for the gods and created new weapons for Achilles, the son of Thetis. His wife is said to have been Charis or Aphrodite, but it is said that he caught the beautiful goddess Aphrodite and her lover, the god of war Ares, in a secret meeting with each other using a clever device and made the Olympian gods watch. In Roman mythology, Vulcanus is identified with Hephaestus, but originally this god was not a god of blacksmithing or crafts. His English name is Vulcan. [Teruo Ito] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ギリシア神話の火と鍛冶(かじ)の神。普通、ゼウスとヘラの子とされるが、もともとはエーゲ海から小アジアの火山地帯と関係する火山の神であった。火山の奥底には火の神の仕事場があると考えられていたところから、彼は鍛冶と工芸の神となり、魔法のような技術から不思議な神力をもつ道具や武具、工芸品などをつくりだした。また彼は生まれつき片足が悪かったので、生母のへラはこれを嫌って彼をオリンポスから下界へ放り出した。海中に落下したヘファイストスは、海の女神テティスとエウリノメに救われ、9年間海中の洞窟(どうくつ)で育てられたが、このころからいろいろな工芸品をつくり始めたという。またホメロスによれば、ゼウスとヘラがヘラクレスについて争ったとき、ヘファイストスはヘラに味方をしたので、ゼウスは彼の足をつかんでオリンポスから投げ下ろしたという。彼は一日中落下し続けたあとレムノス島にたたきつけられ、このときから片足が悪くなったともいわれている。 なお、彼の本拠地ともいうべき仕事場はこのレムノス島にあったといわれ、のちにはリパラ、ヒエラ、アイトナ(エトナ)などの火山にまで拡散していく。ホメロスでは、ふたたびオリンポスに戻った彼は天上に仕事場をもち、神々の神殿をつくったり、テティスの息子アキレウスのための新しい武具をつくった。彼の妻はカリス、あるいはアフロディテとされるが、彼は美しい女神のアフロディテとその情人である軍神アレスが密会しているところを巧妙な仕掛けで捕らえ、オリンポスの神々に見物させたとも伝えられている。ローマ神話では、バルカヌス(ウルカヌス)Vulcanusがヘファイストスと同一視されているが、もともとこの神には鍛冶や工芸の神という面はなかった。英語名はバルカンVulcan。 [伊藤照夫] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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