A field of study that focuses on marine life. Marine animals range from bacteria to mammals, while marine plants are mainly algae. Marine biology studies their classification, morphology, development, physiology, ecology, etc. The worldwide voyage of the Challenger (VI) from 1872 to 1876 surveyed the horizontal and vertical distribution of animals from the coast to the open ocean, and from the surface to the deep seas, which became the foundation of marine biology. Since the 19th century, marine laboratories have been established in various countries and have become the center of research into marine life. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
海洋生物を研究対象とする学問分野。海洋動物は細菌から哺乳類にわたるが,海洋植物は藻類が主である。海洋生物学はこれらの分類,形態,発生,生理,生態などを研究対象とする。 1872~76年の『チャレンジャー (6世) 』号の世界周航によって,海岸から外洋,表層から深層にわたる動物の水平的・垂直的分布の調査が行われ,これが海洋生物学の基礎となった。 19世紀以後,各国で臨海実験所が設立され,海洋生物の研究の中心となっている。
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