Police Law - Keisatsuho

Japanese: 警察法 - けいさつほう
Police Law - Keisatsuho

This law stipulates the organization of the police. It was enacted in 1954, Law No. 162. It stipulates the basic content of the police organizations of the country and prefectures from the viewpoint of decentralizing police affairs and ensuring political neutrality.

The responsibilities of the police are set out as protecting the lives, bodies and property of individuals, and maintaining public safety and order through crime prevention and investigation, etc. Prefectural police are entrusted with this responsibility, but they must remain impartial, fair and neutral, and must not abuse their authority.

The national police organization is stipulated as follows. There is a National Public Safety Commission and a National Police Agency. The National Public Safety Commission was established to democratically manage police administration, prevent it from becoming bureaucratic and self-righteous, and ensure political neutrality. It is under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister and is composed of a chairman who is a Minister of State and five commissioners. It is responsible for police management related to national public safety (matters related to the police system, responses to large-scale disasters and international terrorist incidents, etc.), supervises affairs that need to be unified from a national perspective (police equipment, criminal forensics, etc.), and coordinates police administration. The National Public Safety Commission manages the National Police Agency (setting and supervising the general policy), while the National Police Agency commands and supervises prefectural police. The National Public Safety Commission also carries out affairs that are given its authority by law (establishing the National Public Safety Commission Rules, etc.), and the National Police Agency assists it.

Similarly, prefectures have police organizations consisting of a Prefectural Public Safety Commission and Prefectural Police (Metropolitan Police Department and Prefectural Police Headquarters). The Prefectural Public Safety Commission is placed under the jurisdiction of the governor and manages the Prefectural Police. The head of the Prefectural Police, which is the operational organization (Superintendent General of the Metropolitan Police or Chief of the Prefectural Police Headquarters), is appointed by the National Public Safety Commission with the consent of the Prefectural Public Safety Commission. Prefectures are divided into districts, and police stations are established with jurisdiction over each district. The internal organization of the Metropolitan Police Department and Prefectural Police Headquarters, as well as the establishment of police stations, are determined by ordinance. Prefectural police officers are allowed to exercise authority outside their districts when it is necessary to fulfill their responsibilities within the prefecture.

[Masahiro Tamura]

[Reference] | Police | Police Officer | National Police Agency | Public Safety Commission | Prefectural Police

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

警察の組織について定めた法律。昭和29年法律第162号。警察事務の地方分権と政治的中立の確保を図る見地から、国および都道府県の警察組織の基本的内容を規定している。

 警察の責務について、個人の生命・身体・財産を保護し、犯罪の予防および捜査など公共の安全と秩序の維持にあたることと定めている。都道府県警察がこの責務に任ずるが、不偏不党かつ公正中立を旨とし、権限を乱用してはならない。

 国の警察組織を以下のように規定している。国家公安委員会および警察庁が置かれる。国家公安委員会は、警察行政を民主的に管理して、その官僚化・独善化を防止するとともに、政治的中立性を確保するために設けられたもので、内閣総理大臣の所轄の下に置かれ、国務大臣たる委員長および5人の委員により構成される。国の公安に係る警察運営(警察の制度に関すること、大規模災害や国際テロ事件への対処など)をつかさどり、全国的見地から斉一を期する必要のある事務(警察装備、犯罪鑑識等)を統括し、および警察行政に関する調整を行うことを任務としている。国家公安委員会は警察庁を管理(大綱方針を定めて監督すること)し、警察庁は都道府県警察の指揮監督等を行う。また、国家公安委員会は、法律によりその権限とされた事務(国家公安委員会規則の制定等)を自ら行い、警察庁が補佐する。

 同様に、都道府県の警察組織として、都道府県公安委員会と都道府県警察(警視庁と道府県警察本部)が置かれる。都道府県公安委員会は知事の所轄の下に置かれ、都道府県警察を管理する。実働組織である都道府県警察の長(警視総監または道府県警察本部長)は、国家公安委員会が都道府県公安委員会の同意を得て任命する。都道府県の区域を分けて、各地域を管轄する警察署が置かれる。警視庁および道府県警察本部の内部組織や警察署の設置については、条例で定められる。都道府県警察の警察官は、都道府県における責務達成に必要がある場合には、その区域外でも権限行使をすることが認められる。

[田村正博]

[参照項目] | 警察 | 警察官 | 警察庁 | 公安委員会 | 都道府県警察

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