Aomori Prefecture - Aomori

Japanese: 青森[県] - あおもり

Aomori is a prefecture in the Tohoku region, the northernmost part of Honshu. Its capital is Aomori City. It has an area of 9,645.59 ^km2 and a population of 1,373,339 (2010). [History] It has long been called Michinoku, and is part of the former Mutsu Province. At the end of the Heian period, a descendant of Abe Sadato entered Tsugaru, called himself the Ando clan, and became the Ezo Kanrei (regent of the Ezo). In 1585, the Tsugaru clan established their castle in Hirosaki and unified the Tsugaru region, and in the Edo period also ruled the Kuroishi domain. The eastern part of the prefecture had been governed by the Nanbu clan since the Kamakura period, and was Nanbu territory during the Edo period, but was integrated into Hirosaki Prefecture with the Meiji Restoration, and in 1871, it and Kuroishi Prefecture became the present Aomori Prefecture. [Nature] The northern part faces the Tsugaru Strait, with the Shimokita Peninsula protruding to the east and the Tsugaru Peninsula protruding to the west, and Mutsu Bay in between. The Ou Mountains are in the center, the Sanbongihara alluvial plateau in the east, and the Tsugaru Plain created by the Iwaki River in the west. The Nasu volcanic belt running north to south through the center contains the volcanoes Osorezan, Hakkoda, and Towada, and the Chokai volcanic belt in the west contains Iwakisan. The prefecture is cold, and the eastern part is particularly susceptible to cold damage caused by the cold easterly winds called "Yamase." [Industry] The population composition by industry is 14.0% primary, 21.4% secondary, and 63.7% tertiary (2005), with the primary population ratio being the highest in the country. The main agricultural crops are rice and apples, which are mainly produced in the Tsugaru Plain, and apples account for 50% of the national harvest (2003). Field crops are cultivated on plateaus such as Sanbongihara in the east. National forests account for 60% of the prefecture's area, and beautiful Japanese cypress forests are famous, with lumber thriving in many areas. Hachinohe, on the Pacific coast, is a fishing port facing the Sanriku coast and is an active marine product processing city. In 1963, it was designated a new industrial city, and with the establishment of steel and cement factories, it has developed as an industrial port. Meanwhile, the Mutsu Ogawara Development Plan, which was fully implemented in the 1970s, was revised, and construction of an oil storage base and nuclear fuel cycle facility was promoted in Rokkasho Village, Kamikita County. Representative tourist destinations include Towada-Hachimantai National Park, which includes Lake Towada and Mount Hakkoda, Shimokita Peninsula Quasi-National Park, and Tsugaru Quasi-National Park, as well as Tanesashi Coast and the castle town of Hirosaki. In 1993, the Shirakami Mountains were registered on the list of natural heritage sites under the World Heritage Convention. [Transportation] Aomori City is the starting point of the Tohoku Shinkansen, Hokkaido Shinkansen, Ou Main Line, and Tsugaru Line, and is connected to Hokkaido by the Seikan Tunnel that passes through Tappizaki on the Tsugaru Peninsula. Aomori Airport is located on the outskirts, making it the transportation hub of the prefecture. The Tohoku Expressway (opened in 1986) runs north to south through the center of the prefecture, the Hachinohe Expressway (opened in 1989) runs through the eastern part, and the Tohoku Shinkansen (completed to Shin-Aomori in 2010) runs through the area. The Ominato Line runs through the Shimokita Peninsula, but is still inconvenient. The Seikan Ferry, which had been in service for 80 years, was discontinued in March 1988 due to the opening of the Seikan Tunnel. The Seikan Tunnel was later renovated, and in 2016 the Hokkaido Shinkansen was opened to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto as an extension of the Tohoku Shinkansen. In March 2011, the Tohoku Pacific Coast Earthquake (Great East Japan Earthquake) occurred, and the Pacific coast was hit by a large tsunami that caused great damage.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

本州最北端にあたる東北地方の県。県庁所在地は青森市。9645.59km²。137万3339人（2010）。〔沿革〕　古くから〈みちのく〉と呼ばれ，かつての陸奥(むつ)国の一部分を占める。平安末期に安倍貞任の子孫が津軽に入り安東氏と称し，蝦夷(えぞ)管領となった。1585年には津軽氏が弘前(ひろさき)に居城して津軽地方を統一，江戸時代に黒石藩も合わせ治めた。県の東部は鎌倉時代以来，南部氏が統治し，江戸時代南部領であったが，明治維新によって弘前県に統合され，1871年，黒石県とともに現在の青森県となった。〔自然〕　北部は津軽海峡に面し，東部に下北半島，西部に津軽半島が突出し，間に陸奥湾を抱く。中央に奥羽山脈があり，東部は三本木原の洪積台地，西部は岩木川のつくった津軽平野が開ける。中央を南北に走る那須火山帯には恐山(おそれざん)，八甲田山，十和田の諸火山が，西部の鳥海火山帯には岩木山がある。寒冷で，特に東部は〈やませ〉と呼ぶ寒冷な偏東風が吹き，冷害を受けることがある。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次14.0％，第２次21.4％，第３次63.7％（2005）で，第１次人口比率は全国一。農業は津軽平野を中心に産する米とリンゴが代表的な作物で，リンゴは全国の収穫量の50％（2003）を占める。東部の三本木原などの台地では畑作が行われる。県の面積の６割を国有林が占め，ヒバの美林は有名で，各地で製材が盛ん。太平洋岸の八戸(はちのへ)は三陸沖をひかえた漁港で水産加工が活発であり，1963年新産業都市に指定されて鉄鋼・セメント工業も立地，工業港としても発展している。一方1970年代に本格化したむつ小川原開発計画は修正され，上北郡六ヶ所村に石油備蓄基地，核燃料サイクル施設の建設が進められた。十和田湖，八甲田山を含む十和田八幡平(はちまんたい)国立公園，下北半島国定公園，津軽国定公園のほか，種差(たねさし)海岸，城下町弘前などが代表的な観光地である。1993年白神山地が世界遺産条約の自然遺産リストに登録された。〔交通〕　青森市は東北新幹線，北海道新幹線，奥羽本線，津軽線の発着点で，津軽半島の竜飛(たっぴ)崎を経る青函トンネルによって北海道と結ばれ，郊外には青森空港もあり県交通の中心をなす。県中央部を南北に東北自動車道（1986年開通），東部を八戸自動車道（1989年開通），東北新幹線（2010年新青森まで全通）が走る。下北半島部は大湊線が通じるが，まだ不便である。80年間就航した青函連絡船は，青函トンネルの開通により，1988年３月廃止された。また青函トンネルはその後改築され，2016年には東北新幹線を延長する形で北海道新幹線が新函館北斗まで開通している。　2011年３月，東北地方太平洋沖地震（東日本大震災）が発生，太平洋側を中心に大きな津波の被害に襲われた。
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