Garden - Enchi

Japanese: 園地 - えんち
Garden - Enchi

One of the land categories under the ancient Ritsuryo system. According to the provisions of the Field Ordinance, orchards were "equally distributed according to the amount of land," but the amount of the distribution was not specified as in the case of kubunden. Also, once orchards were distributed, they could not be confiscated unless the household ceased to own them, and they could be inherited and bought and sold if the prescribed procedures were followed. In that sense, orchards, like "residential land," which could also be bought and sold, were land categories with a strong private land character. The word "orchard" is used in both senses: (1) land where mulberry and urushi cultivation is mandatory, and (2) land where vegetables and fruit trees are cultivated. Considering the arrangement of the provisions of the Field Ordinance, the basic intention of establishing the land category of orchards seems to have been for (1).

[Koichi Murayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代律令(りつりょう)制下における地目の一つ。田令(でんりょう)の規定によれば、園地は「地の多少に随(したが)って均給す」と定められているが、その班給額については口分田(くぶんでん)の場合のように明記されていない。また園地は、いったん班給されると絶戸にならない限り収公されず、相続も認められ、売買も所定の手続をとれば可能であった。その意味では、同じく売買が認められている「宅地」とともに私有地的性格の濃い地目であった。「園地」の語は、(1)クワ、ウルシの栽培が義務づけられている地、(2)蔬菜(そさい)や果樹の栽培されている地、という両様の意味で用いられているが、田令条文の配列から考えると、園地という地目を設けた基本的意図は(1)にあったようである。

[村山光一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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