German meteorologist and geophysicist. He studied astronomy and meteorology at the University of Berlin and the University of Heidelberg, and served as head of the Department of Theoretical Meteorology at the German Maritime Meteorological Observatory and professor at the University of Hamburg (1919) and at the University of Graz (1924). He explored Greenland three times, but died at sea on the third trip back. In 1911, he published a theory on atmospheric structure and atmospheric thermodynamics, and in 1912 he proposed the theory of continental drift. In 1915, he wrote The Origin of the Continents and Oceans, which sent ripples through the geological world. Based on the complementary coastlines on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, the commonality of paleontological organisms on continents separated by the sea, and the existence of glacial ruins near the equator, he believed that a primitive continent at the end of the Paleozoic era split and moved to form the distribution of continents today. This theory was ignored for a long time because it left some unclear points, such as what force could be the driving force behind the movement of the continents. However, since the 1960s, with the development of geophysics, such as research into paleomagnetism and mantle thermal convection theory, it has suddenly begun to be appreciated. [Yoichiro Fujii] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの気象・地球物理学者。ベルリン大学、ハイデルベルク大学で天文学、気象学を学び、ドイツ海洋気象台理論気象部長兼ハンブルク大学教授(1919)、グラーツ大学教授(1924)などを歴任した。グリーンランドの探検を3回にわたって行い、3回目の帰途に遭難死亡した。1911年には大気構造論や大気熱力学理論を発表し、1912年には大陸移動説を唱え、1915年『大陸と大洋の起源』を著して地質学界に波紋を投じた。大西洋両岸の海岸線の相補性、海を隔てた大陸の古生物の共通性、赤道近くに存在する氷河遺跡などから、古生代末の原始大陸が、分裂、移動して今日の大陸の分布となったと考えた。この説は、大陸を移動させる原動力としてどんな力が考えられるか、などの不明確な点を残していたので長い間顧みられなかったが、1960年代以後、古地磁気学の研究やマントル熱対流論などの地球物理学の進展に伴い、にわかに評価されるようになった。 [藤井陽一郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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