Protestantism - Protestantism

Japanese: プロテスタンティズム - ぷろてすたんてぃずむ(英語表記)Protestantism
Protestantism - Protestantism

The term Protestantism is a collective term for the various denominations and their ideologies that originated from the Reformation by Luther and Calvin and have become a major force in Christianity alongside the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The term Protestantism originates from a protest declaration against the denial of the Reformation by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, but it goes beyond mere protest and includes a positive meaning of boldly confessing the core of one's Christian faith. The principles advocated by Luther and later shared by the denomination were (1) the principle of justification by faith, which states that a person is justified before God by faith alone, not by good works; (2) biblicism, which denies tradition and holds that the Bible is the only basis of faith; and (3) the principle of the priesthood of all believers, which eliminates the distinction between clergy and laity and emphasizes equality before God. All of these principles remove the intermediary between God and humans and allow humans to face God directly, which leads to the awareness of inner values ​​that do not succumb to any authority and makes it possible for individuals to become independent from the feudal status order. Therefore, politically, we are looking for the ideological origins of modern democracy, and economically, capitalism. On the other hand, we must not forget that by being liberated from the Church as an objective institution of grace, faith has become highly subjective and emotional, leading to a loss of certainty of salvation and a split between orthodoxy and heresy. In recent years, there have been efforts to find a way to reunite the Church.

[Kiyohiro Takano]

[References] | Christianity

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ルターやカルバンなどによる宗教改革に端を発し、今日では、ローマ・カトリック教会、東方正教会と並ぶキリスト教の一大勢力となった諸教派およびその思想の総称。プロテスタントということばは、神聖ローマ帝国皇帝カール5世の改革否認に対する抗議宣言に由来するが、単なる抗議を超えて、自らの信ずるキリスト教信仰の中核を大胆に告白するという積極的意味をも含んでいる。ルターの提唱になり、その後この教派共通の原理となったのは、(1)人は、善行によってではなく、信仰のみによって神の前に義とされるという信仰義認の原理、(2)伝承などを否定し、聖書のみが信仰の根拠であるとする聖書主義、(3)聖職者と平信徒の区別を排し、神の前での平等を強調する万人祭司の原理、である。これらの原理はすべて、神と人間との間の媒介物を除去し、人間を直接神と直面せしめるものであって、ここにいかなる権威にも屈することのない内面的価値が自覚され、封建的身分秩序からの個人の自立化が可能となった。したがって、政治的には近代民主主義、経済的には資本主義の思想的淵源(えんげん)がここに求められている。他面、信仰が、恩寵(おんちょう)の客観的施設としての教会から解放されることによって、高度に主観的・心情的なものとなり、救いの確かさが見失われていったこと、また正統と異端の分裂を惹起(じゃっき)したことも忘れてはならない。近年、教会再一致への方向が模索されている。

[高野清弘]

[参照項目] | キリスト教

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism - The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

>>:  Proteoglycan

Recommend

True's porpoise (English spelling) True's porpoise

…One of the body color variations of Dall's p...

Oodorucopsis - Oodorucopsis

…General term for a group of wallaby-like marsupi...

Karatsu Kunchi Festival

This is the autumn festival of Karatsu Shrine in K...

markatanyaya (English spelling)

… The Badagarai sect was relatively faithful to t...

Basic high water

… [Flood management] Even if a flood does occur, ...

Biological weapons

Weapons that kill or cause disease in humans, anim...

Friends of the People

A magazine published by Minyusha. It was first pub...

Conjugate acid - Kyoyakusan

A term for a conjugate base. In the Bronsted acid...

African marigold

Also known as Dimorphotheca. An annual plant of th...

Arrow, JP - Arrow

…The theaters of the early 19th century all had l...

Sanmonkyo Gorge

A gorge in the middle reaches of the Yellow River...

Cantonese ginseng - Canton carrot

〘Name〙 Another name for the plant "American c...

International Association for Sports Information

… [International Trends] It was not until 1960 th...

Tahara - Tian Yuan

1965- A poet and Japanese literature scholar of t...

Fountain pen

…Pen tips with ink-holding parts and ink-holding ...