Date Sodo - Date Sodo

A disturbance in the Sendai Domain that occurred during the Kanbun era (1661-73) in the Edo Period. It is also known as the Kanbun Incident. In 1660 (Manji 3), the third lord of the domain, Date Tsunamune, was ordered into seclusion by the shogunate for misconduct, and his eldest son, Kamechiyo (Tsunamura), who was two years old, inherited the family headship. Tsunamune's uncle Date Hyobu Shoyu Munekatsu and Tsunamune's half-brother Tamura Ukyo Muneyoshi were each given 30,000 koku of the 620,000 koku of rice and appointed as guardians. At first, the chief retainer (bugyo) was in charge of the domain's administration, but gradually Munekatsu gained real power and eliminated many of the opposing forces. During this time, the domain began to become unsettled, with incidents such as the poisoning of the young lord Kamechiyo. Munekatsu appointed his confidants to key posts, weakening the authority of his elder retainers and adopting an autocratic system. However, other senior vassals who valued tradition and lineage disliked this, and Munekatsu became isolated. In the midst of this, a dispute arose over the boundary of his fiefdom between one of his clan, Date Aki Muneshige (Wakuya, 20,000 koku), and another of his clan, Date Shikibu Munetomo (Tome, 17,000 koku). Date Aki considered the domain's ruling on this dispute to be unfair, and appealed to the shogunate, hoping to resolve his long-standing dissatisfaction with Munekatsu's politics. The shogunate's hearings began in February 1671 (Kanbun 11). However, on March 27th, just as the trial at the residence of the Chief Minister Sakai Tadayoshi was finishing, the elder retainer Harada Kai Munesuke suddenly slashed Aki with his sword, killing him instantly, and Kai was also slashed and died that night. Hyobu and other related parties were punished by being placed in the care of other families, and the Kai clan was ordered to commit seppuku and became extinct. Tsunamura's 620,000 koku Date stipend was confirmed and his guardianship was lifted. There are various theories about the significance of the incident, including one that was featured in the kabuki play "Meiboku Sendai Hagi."

[Nobuo Watanabe]

"The True Story of the Date Disturbances" by Fumihiko Otsuki (1909, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸時代、寛文(かんぶん)年間（1661～73）に起きた仙台藩の騒動。寛文事件ともいう。1660年（万治3）3代藩主伊達綱宗(つなむね)は不行跡のかどで幕府から逼塞(ひっそく)を命ぜられ、2歳の長男亀千代(かめちよ)（綱村）が家督相続、綱宗の叔父伊達兵部少輔宗勝(ひょうぶしょうゆうむねかつ)と綱宗の庶兄田村右京宗良(うきょうむねよし)が62万石のうちからそれぞれ3万石を給され後見人に指名された。初めは家老（奉行(ぶぎょう)）が藩政を担当していたが、しだいに宗勝が実権を握り、反対勢力を多数処分した。その間、幼君亀千代に対する置毒事件が起こるなど藩内は動揺しだした。宗勝は腹心を登用し要職につけ、家老の権限を弱め専制体制をとった。だが、伝統と門閥を重んじる他の重臣はこれを嫌悪し、宗勝は孤立していった。こうしたなかで、一門伊達安芸宗重(あきむねしげ)（涌谷(わくや)2万石）と一門伊達式部宗倫(しきぶむねとも)（登米(とめ)1万7000石）との間に知行(ちぎょう)地の境界紛争が生じた。この紛争に対する藩の裁定を不公正とする伊達安芸はこれを幕府に訴え、宗勝の政治に対する積年の不満を晴らそうとした。幕府の審理は1671年（寛文11）2月開始された。ところが、3月27日大老酒井忠清(ただきよ)邸での審理が終わったころ、家老原田甲斐宗輔(かいむねすけ)が突然安芸に斬(き)り付け即死させ、甲斐もまた斬られその夜死亡した。兵部ら関係者は他家御預けなど処分を受け、甲斐一家も切腹を命ぜられ断絶した。綱村の伊達62万石は確認され後見も解除された。歌舞伎(かぶき)『伽羅先代萩(めいぼくせんだいはぎ)』に取り上げられるなど騒動の意義については諸説ある。

［渡辺信夫］

『大槻文彦著『伊達騒動実録』（1909・吉川弘文館）』

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