Rockefeller (English spelling)

Japanese: ロックフェラー(英語表記)Rockefeller
Rockefeller (English spelling)
A family of American businessmen. The Rockefeller family began with John Davison Rockefeller, who rose from poverty to create the oil monopoly Standard Oil of Ohio and made a fortune, and was succeeded by his son Rockefeller II (1874-1960) and his five sons. They are known for their global economic activities as well as political and charitable activities (→Rockefeller Foundation). Rockefeller II inherited his father's businesses and expanded his charitable activities. His first wife Abby (1874-1948) was known as the founder of the Museum of Modern Art in New York and a patron of the art world. Their eldest son, Rockefeller III (1906-78), inherited many of his father's businesses, and their second son, Nelson (1908-79), became a politician, serving as Governor of New York and other positions, and in 1974 became Vice President under President Gerald Ford (→Rockefeller). The third son, Laurance (1910-2004), founded a conservation organization and engaged in environmental protection activities, the fourth son, Winthrop (1912-1973), became the first Republican to become governor of Arkansas since the Civil War in 1966, and the fifth son, David (1915-2017), served as chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank (→Chase Manhattan).They were all active in politics and business.

Rockefeller
Rockefeller, John Davison

Born: July 8, 1839, Richford, New York
[Died] May 23, 1937. Ormond Beach, Florida. American businessman and philanthropist. Moved from New York to Cleveland, Ohio in 1853, and joined Clark-Gardner Company in 1859. Founded Standard Oil of Ohio in 1870, and became its chairman. By absorbing other companies, offering freight rebates, and other methods, he had grown the company into one that controlled 90-95% of America's oil refining capacity by 1879. Founded the Standard Oil Trust in 1882. In 1899, he created the holding company Standard Oil (New Jersey) Company in response to the Sherman Antitrust Act, but dissolved it by order of the Supreme Court in 1911. He retired in the same year. He also had an early interest in philanthropy, and founded the Rockefeller Foundation (1913), the General Education Committee, and the University of Chicago (1891).

Rockefeller
Rockefeller, Nelson Aldrich

Born July 8, 1908 in Bar Harbor, Maine.
[Died] January 26, 1979. American politician, New York. Second son of Rockefeller II. Graduated from Dartmouth College. Studied economics and architecture at university. Chairman of the Rockefeller Center in 1931, later served as Assistant Secretary of State for Latin America and Under Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. Special Assistant to President D. Eisenhower from 1954 to 1955. After defeating A. Harriman to become Governor of New York in 1958, he was re-elected four times, during which he worked hard to support the state government in education, welfare and construction. He was considered a leading candidate in the presidential elections of 1960, 1964 and 1968, but gave up before the nomination in the previous two elections, and lost to R. Nixon in 1968. Appointed Vice President by President G. Ford in August 1974. Also known as a trustee of the Museum of Modern Art in New York and founder and director of the Museum of Primitive Art in New York.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
アメリカ合衆国の実業家一族。貧困から身を起こし,石油の独占会社スタンダード・オイル・オブ・オハイオをつくって巨万の富を築いたジョン・デビソン・ロックフェラーを頂点に,その息子ロックフェラー2世(1874~1960),さらにその 5人の息子へと続いている。世界的規模の経済活動とともに,政治活動,慈善事業(→ロックフェラー財団)でも有名。ロックフェラー2世は父の諸事業を引き継ぐとともに,慈善事業を発展拡大。彼の最初の妻アビー Abby(1874~1948)はニューヨーク近代美術館の設立者で美術界の後援者として知られた。彼らの長男ロックフェラー3世(1906~78)は父の事業の多くを継ぎ,二男ネルソン Nelson(1908~79)は政治家となって,ニューヨーク州知事などを務め,1974年ジェラルド・フォード大統領のもとで副大統領となった(→ロックフェラー)。三男ローランス Laurance(1910~2004)は自然保護団体を設立し環境保護活動に従事,四男ウィンスロップ Winthrop(1912~73)は 1966年共和党員としては南北戦争以来最初のアーカンソー州知事に就任,五男デービッド David(1915~2017)はチェース・マンハッタン銀行(→チェース・マンハッタン)の会長を務めるなど,それぞれ政界,実業界などで活躍した。

ロックフェラー
Rockefeller, John Davison

[生]1839.7.8. ニューヨーク,リッチフォード
[没]1937.5.23. フロリダ,オーモンドビーチ
アメリカの実業家,慈善家。 1853年ニューヨーク州からオハイオ州クリーブランドに移り,59年クラーク・ガードナー会社に参加。 70年スタンダード・オイル・オブ・オハイオ社を設立し,会長に就任。他会社の吸収,運賃リベートその他さまざまな方法で,79年にはアメリカの石油精製能力の 90~95%を独占する会社に成長させた。 82年スタンダード・オイル・トラストを設立。 99年にはシャーマン反トラスト法に対処して持株会社スタンダード・オイル (ニュージャージー) 社をつくったが,1911年連邦最高裁判所の命令でこれを解体。同年引退。また早くから慈善事業に関心をもち,ロックフェラー財団 (1913) ,一般教育委員会,シカゴ大学 (1891) などを設立した。

ロックフェラー
Rockefeller, Nelson Aldrich

[生]1908.7.8. メーン,バーハーバー
[没]1979.1.26. ニューヨーク
アメリカの政治家。ロックフェラー2世の次男。ダートマス大学卒業。大学では経済学と建築学を学んだ。 1931年ロックフェラー・センター会長,その後ラテンアメリカ担当国務次官補,保健教育福祉次官を歴任し,54~55年 D.アイゼンハワー大統領特別補佐官。 58年 A.ハリマンを破ってニューヨーク州知事に当選してから4選され,その間特に教育,福祉,建設の州政府援助に努力した。 60,64,68年の大統領選挙の有力候補とされたが,前2回は指名前に断念,68年は R.ニクソンに敗れた。 74年8月 G.フォード大統領により副大統領に任命された。ニューヨーク近代美術館の理事,ニューヨーク原始美術館の創立者,館長としても知られる。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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