American politician. He studied at the University of Arkansas and Oxford University. After working in the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice from 1934 to 1935, he taught at the University of Arkansas and other institutions, and became president of the university in 1939. In 1942, he was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives. From 1945 to January 1975, he served as a Democratic U.S. Senator from Arkansas. From 1959 to January 1975, he served as chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for 16 years, and was active as a dove senator. He then worked as a lawyer in Washington. He is known as the proposer of the Fulbright Act (1946), which established a program of exchange of graduate students, scholars, and experts through scholarships. This program was launched in 1952 (Showa 27) between Japan and the U.S., and by 2005, approximately 7,000 Japanese had traveled to the U.S. and approximately 2,000 Americans had visited Japan. [Hiroshi Fujimoto] "Criticism of American Diplomacy: The Arrogance of Power" by J.W. Fulbright, translated by Wataru Hiraizumi (1968, Kashima Publishing Co.) [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの政治家。アーカンソー大学、オックスフォード大学などに学ぶ。1934~1935年にアメリカ司法省反トラスト局に勤めたのち、アーカンソー大学などで教鞭(きょうべん)をとり、1939年同大学学長に就任。1942年連邦下院議員。1945年から1975年1月までアーカンソー州選出民主党連邦上院議員。1959年から16年間、上院外交委員長を務め、ハト派議員として活躍。その後、ワシントンで弁護士業に従事。奨学金による大学院生、学者、専門家の交流計画を定めたフルブライト法(1946)の提案者として知られる。これは日米間では1952年(昭和27)に開始され、2005年までに約7000人の日本人が渡米し、約2000人のアメリカ人が来日している。 [藤本 博] 『J・W・フルブライト著、平泉渉訳『アメリカ外交批判――力のおごり』(1968・鹿島出版会)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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