An institution established by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to honor scientists who have made outstanding academic achievements. Its purpose is to carry out necessary activities to contribute to the advancement of science. Its predecessor was the Tokyo Academy, founded in 1879 (Meiji 12) with Yukichi Fukuzawa as its first president, and renamed the Imperial Academy in 1906 (Meiji 39). In 1947 (Showa 22), it was renamed the Japan Academy. In 1949, it became an affiliated institution of the Science Council of Japan, but separated and became independent in 1956, and has remained so to this day. The Tokyo Academy had a membership limit of 40 when it was established. Since its absorption into the Science Council of Japan in 1949, it has been organized with a membership limit of 150, selected based on academic achievements. Its headquarters are located in Ueno Park, Taito Ward, Tokyo. Its main activities include awarding the Imperial Prize, the Japan Academy Prize, the Japan Academy Duke of Edinburgh Award, and the Japan Academy Academic Encouragement Prize, as well as editing and publishing journals, hosting public lectures, and exchanging with foreign academies. In terms of international activities, the Institute joined the International Union of Academies in 1919 (Taisho 8), a grouping of academies from 58 countries around the world, and is working to promote international academic exchange by concluding exchange agreements with academies overseas. The chairmen and directors of the institute have included some of Japan's leading researchers, such as the thinker and educator Nishi Amane (2nd and 4th), Hozumi Nobushige (10th), one of Japan's first legal scholars, and Nagaoka Hantaro (13th), a physicist and the first person to receive the Order of Culture. [Takashi Satakita] "The 100-Year History of the Educational System" compiled by the Ministry of Education (1972, Gyosei)" ▽ "The 80-Year History of the Japan Academy" compiled and published by the Japan Academy, 5 volumes in total (1961-1963)" [References] | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
学術上、功績顕著な科学者を顕彰するために文部科学省に設置された機関。学術の発展に寄与するための必要な事業を行うことを目的としている。前身は、1879年(明治12)に福沢諭吉(ゆきち)を初代会長として創設された「東京学士会院」で、1906年(明治39)に帝国学士院と改称される。1947年(昭和22)日本学士院と改称。1949年に日本学術会議の付置機関となるが、1956年に分離・独立し、現在に至っている。東京学士会院設立時の会員の定員は40人。1949年の日本学術会議への吸収時以降は、学術的な業績をもとに選定された定員150人の会員により組織されている。本部は、東京都台東(たいとう)区上野公園にある。 おもな事業としては、恩賜賞、日本学士院賞、日本学士院エジンバラ公賞ならびに日本学士院学術奨励賞の授賞や、紀要の編集および発行、公開講演会の開催、外国アカデミーとの交流などがある。また、国際事業としては、世界58か国の学士院の集まりである「国際学士院連合」に1919年(大正8)に加盟しているほか、海外アカデミーとの交流協定の締結など、学術の国際交流の進展に努めている。 会長・院長には、思想家・教育者の西周(にしあまね)(2代、4代)、日本初の法学者の一人である穂積陳重(ほづみのぶしげ)(10代)、物理学者で初の文化勲章受章者である長岡半太郎(ながおかはんたろう)(13代)など、日本を代表する研究者が名を連ねている。 [佐滝剛弘] 『文部省編『学制百年史』(1972・ぎょうせい)』▽『日本学士院編・刊『日本学士院八十年史』全5冊(1961~1963)』 [参照項目] | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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