Born: May 18, 1912, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [Died] March 11, 1992. Beverly Hills, California. American screenwriter, director, and producer. His style is characterized by social realism, as seen in his adaptation of a literary work, Elmer Gantry (1960, Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay). He studied at Temple University in Philadelphia, and started out as a sports journalist, then participated in writing scripts for radio shows and movies. He served as a Marine during World War II from 1943 to 1945. His novel "The Brick Foxhole," published in 1945, was adapted into the film Crossfire (1947), which dealt with the theme of discrimination against Jews. His screenplays for films such as Brute Force (1947) and Key Largo (1948) attracted attention, and in 1950 he was selected to write and direct Crisis. Following the success of Deadline USA (1952, director and screenwriter), Brooks directed The Blackboard Jungle (1955, screenwriter and director), based on a novel by Evan Hunter, about a teacher struggling with teenage students in an impoverished urban area. His other films include The Brothers Karamazov (1958), In Cold Blood (1967), and Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977), which were all adaptations of novels, as well as Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), both based on Tennessee Williams' plays, and Sweet Bird of Youth (1961). Brooks became independent as a producer a year later, and directed The Professionals (1966), which became the most highly acclaimed Western he directed. Brooks Brooks, Mel Born June 28, 1926 in Brooklyn, New York. American film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. His real name was Melvin Kaminsky. He enrolled in the Virginia Military Institute in 1944, but was already active as an impersonator, pianist, and drummer. After serving in World War II, he became a performer and director. In 1949, he worked as a scriptwriter for a television series starring comedian Sid Caesar. In 1960, the record "2000 Year Old Man," which he co-starred with Caesar and Carl Reiner, became a big hit. In 1963, he wrote and narrated the animated film "The Critic" (1963), which won an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. In 1965, he produced the television situation comedy "Get Smart" with Buck Henry. His film "The Producers" (1968) won an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. Director He established his reputation in Hollywood with his third film, Blazing Saddles (1974). He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Young Frankenstein (1974). In 2001, he worked as producer, composer and original author on a Broadway musical based on The Producers, which won a Tony Award. In 2009, he received the John F. Kennedy Center Honors. He also founded Brooks Films, producing such outstanding works as The Elephant Man (1980). Brooks Brooks, Van Wyck Born February 16, 1886 in Plainfield, New Jersey. [Died] May 2, 1963, Bridgewater, Connecticut. American critic. After graduating from Harvard University, he went to England, where he became involved in journalism and published his first book, The Wine of the Puritans (1908). He then worked in publishing and published a series of essays on American literature and writers. After America's Coming-of-Age (15), which criticized the traditions of Puritanism, The Ordeal of Mark Twain (20, revised 33), a psychoanalytic biography, The Pilgrimage of Henry James (25), and The Life of Emerson (32), he published The Flowering of New England, 1815-1865, and Makers and Finders: A History of the Writers in America, 1800-1915 (36-52), a five-volume history of American literature. Brooks Brooks, James L. Born May 9, 1940, Brooklyn, New York. American screenwriter, director, and producer. Full name James Lawrence Brooks. He is known for his ensemble dramas that highlight the characters and combine warm humor with heartfelt emotion. After dropping out of New York University, he joined CBS News in 1964. He later became a writer of documentaries and situation comedies, and received high praise for his various works. In the 1980s, he entered the film industry, writing, directing, and producing many comedies and dramas. His first film, Terms of Endearment (1983), won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay. He also won critical acclaim for Broadcast News (1987), a vivid portrayal of the joys and sorrows of a television newsroom. As Good As It Gets (1997), a love story about a cranky old man and a single mother, starred Jack Nicholson and Helen Hunt, who each won an Academy Award. Brooks Brooks, Cleanth Born October 16, 1906 in Murray, Kentucky [died]May 10, 1994. New Haven, Connecticut. American critic. Studied at Vanderbilt, Tulane, and Oxford. Later, while teaching at Louisiana State University, he edited the Southern Review with R.P. Warren (1935-42), making it a stronghold of new criticism. In 1947, he began teaching at Yale University. He co-authored two excellent college textbooks, Understanding Poetry (38) and Understanding Fiction (43), and published Modern Poetry and the Tradition (39), The Well-Wrought Urn (47), A Shaping Joy (71), and a biography, William Faulkner: the Yoknapatawpha Country (63). He came to Japan in 1985. Brooks Brooks, Gwendolyn (Elizabeth) Born June 7, 1917 in Topeka, Kansas Died: December 3, 2000. Chicago, Illinois. An American black female poet. She grew up in Chicago and graduated from Wilson Junior College in 1936. She published her poems in the Chicago Defender, a newspaper written for the city's African-American community. After her first collection of poems, A Street of Bronzeville (1945), she became the first black poet to win the Pulitzer Prize for Annie Allen (49). Her other works include the novel Maud Martha (53), and poems The Bean Eaters (60), In the Mecca (68), and Beckonings (75). She left behind many works that dealt with the everyday life of black people living in the city. She succeeded Sandburg as the Poet Laureate of Illinois. Brooks Brooks, Preston Smith Born: August 6, 1819, South Carolina Died: January 27, 1857, Washington, D.C. American politician. Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1853-57). In 1856, he knocked down and injured Senator C. Sumner with a walking stick, who had attacked slavery in the name of his uncle P. Butler. This incident intensified the conflict between the North and the South over slavery, and he became a hero in the South. Brooks Please see the Brooks page. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |