Kyonyo - Kyonyo

Japanese: 教如 - きょうにょ

Year of death: October 5, 1614 (November 6, 1614)
Year of birth: September 16, 1558 (October 27, 1558)
A Shinshu Buddhist monk in the Azuchi-Momoyama and early Edo periods. He was the 12th head priest of Hongan-ji Temple and is famous for leading the East-West split of the Hongan-ji sect. He was born in Osaka, Settsu Province (now Osaka Prefecture). He was the son of Hongan-ji Temple's Kennyo and Nyoharuni. He came of age during the Ishiyama War between Hongan-ji Temple and Oda Nobunaga, and assisted his father in issuing a manifesto to followers throughout the country toward the end of the war. Even after peace was agreed upon in 1580 and his father left Hongan-ji Temple, he continued to besiege the temple for four months with the support of the pro-war followers. This is said to be the indirect cause of the later East-West split. In 1592, he took over at Hongan-ji Temple upon his father's death, but retired the following year by order of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, handing the reins over to his younger brother Junnyo. However, even after his retirement, he maintained his position as head of the Honganji sect, receiving the support of many of his followers, and issuing endorsements of Honganji exemptions, which only the head of the sect could do, with the signature of "Otani Honganji Shaku Kyonyo," and publishing Shinran's "Shoshinge Sanjo Wasan." He deepened his friendship with Tokugawa Ieyasu after visiting him during the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, and in 1604 he established Higashi Honganji after receiving a donation of four blocks of land for the temple in Higashi Rokujo, Kyoto. One theory about the cause of this split between the East and West factions is that it was a policy by Ieyasu and Honda Masanobu to divide the power of Honganji in half, but the more popular theory is that it was a division of the followers and vassals of Honganji, caused by the retreat and siege of the castle during the Battle of Ishiyama. <References> Honganji Documents, Otani Honganji Tsuki, Uno Shinzo Memorandum, Mido Nikki, Kashiwabara Yusen, Research on the History of Modern Buddhism in Japan, Okusa Hitoshi et al., Jodo Shinshu

(Kusano Akiyuki)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：慶長19.10.5(1614.11.6)
生年：永禄1.9.16(1558.10.27)
安土桃山・江戸初期の真宗の僧。本願寺12世で,本願寺教団の東西分派の主導者として有名。摂津国大坂(大阪府)に生まれる。本願寺顕如と如春尼の子。本願寺と織田信長の石山合戦期に成人し,合戦末期には父を補佐して,諸国の門徒に檄文を発した。天正8(1580)年和議が調い,父が本願寺を退去したのちも,主戦派の門徒の支持を受けて4カ月間籠城を続けた。このことが,のちの東西分派の遠因といわれる。文禄1(1592)年,父の死去にともない本願寺を継職するが,翌年豊臣秀吉の命により隠居,弟准如に跡を譲った。しかし,隠居後も多くの門徒の支持を受け,宗主しかできない本願寺免物の裏書を「大谷本願寺釈教如」の署判で発給したり,親鸞の『正信偈・三帖和讃』の開版を行うなど,宗主としての立場を堅持した。慶長5(1600)年の関ケ原の戦に際し,徳川家康を訪問してから家康との親交を深め,同7年京都東六条に寺地四町四方の寄進を受けて,東本願寺を別立した。この東西分派の要因については,家康と本多正信による本願寺勢力二分の政策との説もあるが,石山合戦退城・籠城を遠因とする,本願寺門徒および家臣団の分裂を前提とする説が有力である。<参考文献>『本願寺文書』『大谷本願寺通記』『宇野新蔵覚書』『御堂日記』,柏原祐泉『日本近世近代仏教史の研究』,大桑斉他『浄土真宗』

(草野顕之)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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