Hoshosen - Hoshosen

In the early Edo period, trading ships traveled to Southeast Asia with the permission of the Shogun and the Roju, and were the final form of the Shuinsen. Since around 1609 (Keicho 14), the issuance of Shuinjo, a license to travel to foreign lands, was gradually limited to certain daimyo and wealthy merchants with close ties to the Shogunate, and the Shuinsen system gradually began to crumble as some daimyo and senior Shogunate officials secretly set sail under the names of Chinese residents without Shuinjo. In 1628 (Kan'ei 5), a Shuinsen was burned by a Spanish ship in Siam, undermining the Shogun's authority. In order to deal with these situations, the Shogunate began issuing hosho (letters signed by the Roju) instead of Shuinjo, and had trading ships carry travel permits issued by the Nagasaki Magistrate based on these. This system continued until 1635, when Japan was forced to close its borders and ban Japanese ships from traveling to foreign lands.

[Nakamura Shigeo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸初期に将軍のほか老中の許可を得て東南アジアに渡航した貿易船で、朱印船の最終形態。異国渡海特許の朱印状の交付は、1609年（慶長14）ころからしだいに特定の大名や幕府と関係の深い豪商などに絞られてきたので、諸大名や幕府重臣のなかにも、朱印状をもたずに在住中国人名義でひそかに船を出すなど、朱印船制度はなし崩しに崩れつつあった。また1628年（寛永5）には朱印船がシャムでスペイン船に焼打ちされ、将軍の権威が傷つけられるという事件が起こった。幕府はこれらの事態に対処するため、1631年から朱印状のかわりに、老中連署の奉書を下し、これに基づいて長崎奉行(ぶぎょう)が発行した渡航許可証を貿易船にもち渡らせることとした。この制度は1635年鎖国による日本船の渡航禁止まで続いた。

［中村　質］

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