Born: July 31, 1912, Brooklyn, New York [Died] November 16, 2006. San Francisco, California. Economist and educator from the United States. Studied at the University of Chicago and Columbia University, worked mainly for government agencies before World War II, and taught at the University of Chicago from 1946 to 1983. His main research subject is money, and since 1958 he has been known as the proponent of the new quantity theory of money. Having been an advisor to Richard M. Nixon during his presidency, his monetarism, which regards the money supply as the largest economic policy variable and opposes fiscal and monetary policies (→Keynesian school) under the influence of John Maynard Keynes, gradually expanded its influence. His research fields are wide, including economic methodology, consumption function theory, American monetary history, and liberal economics. Ideologically, he was one of the leaders of neoliberalism and a central figure in the Chicago School. He was a member and officer of various academic societies, and served as a professor emeritus at various universities. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1976. His major works include "Essays in Positive Economics" (1953), "A Theory of the Consumption Function" (1957), "Capitalism and Freedom" (1962), "A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960" (1963, co-authored with Anna Schwartz), "The Role of Monetary Policy" (1968), "Free to Choose" (1980), and "Bright Promises, Dismal Performance" (1983), among others. Friedman |
[生]1912.7.31. ニューヨーク,ブルックリン [没]2006.11.16. カリフォルニア,サンフランシスコ アメリカ合衆国の経済学者,教育者。シカゴ大学,コロンビア大学などで学び,第2次世界大戦前はおもに政府関係機関に勤務,1946~83年シカゴ大学で教鞭をとる。中心的研究主題は貨幣分野で,1958年以来,新貨幣数量説の提唱者として知られる。リチャード・M.ニクソン大統領時代のブレーンであったこともあって,貨幣供給量をもって最大の経済政策変数とし,ジョン・メイナード・ケインズの影響下にある財政金融政策 (→ケインズ学派 ) に反対するそのマネタリズムはしだいに影響力を拡大した。経済学方法論や消費関数論,アメリカ貨幣史,自由主義経済論など研究分野は広く,思想的には新自由主義の指導者の一人で,シカゴ学派の中心的存在。諸学会の会員,役員,諸大学の名誉教授を務めた。 1976年ノーベル経済学賞受賞。主著"Essays in Positive Economics" (1953) ,『消費の経済理論』A Theory of the Consumption Function (1957) ,『資本主義と自由』 Capitalism and Freedom (1962) ,"A Monetary History of the United States,1867-1960" (1963,アンナ・シュワルツと共著) ,"The Role of Monetary Policy" (1968) ,『選択の自由』 Free to Choose (1980) ,『政府からの自由』 Bright Promises,Dismal Performance (1983) など多数。 フリードマン
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