Full employment policy

Japanese: 完全雇用政策 - かんぜんこようせいさく
Full employment policy


[Shift from unemployment policy to employment policy]
The above policy proposals for unemployment are based on the premise of full employment under a laissez-faire economy, and are fundamentally different from past policies that eliminated imperfections in the labor market and provided ex post relief to unemployed people who had become unemployed during the adjustment process while reaching equilibrium, in that they imply that the government will use fiscal and monetary policy to adjust total effective demand, thereby enabling a reduction in unemployment and an increase and maintenance of employment. It can be said that this is a shift from unemployment policy to employment policy. It was W. H. Beveridge's report entitled Full Employment in a Free Society (1944) that argued that the achievement and maintenance of full employment in this sense should be the policy goal of governments after World War II, and made the full employment policy famous, and after the war all advanced industrial countries made the achievement of full employment one of the central goals of their government's economic and social policies.
[Trade-off between unemployment rate and inflation rate]
Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s, industrialized countries achieved near-full employment due to the global economic boom. However, during this period, prices rose and a trade-off was observed between the policy goal of maintaining employment levels and the policy goal of price stability, which came to be noted.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "full employment policy" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[失業政策から雇用政策への転換]
 以上の失業に対する政策提案は自由放任経済のもとでの完全雇用を前提とし,労働市場における不完全性を除去し,および均衡過程に到達する間の調整過程で発生する失業者を事後的に救済する過去の政策とは,政府が財政金融政策(フィスカル・ポリシー)によって総有効需要を調整し,失業の減少,雇用の増大,維持を可能にすることを含意している点で基本的に違っており,失業政策から雇用政策への転換だといってよい。以上の意味での完全雇用の達成と維持を第2次大戦後の政府の政策目標とすべきであるとし,完全雇用政策の名を高からしめたのは,W.H.ベバリッジの〈自由社会における完全雇用〉(1944)と題する報告であり,大戦後先進工業国はいずれも完全雇用の達成を政府の経済社会政策の中心目標の一つに据えることになった。
[失業率と物価上昇率間のトレードオフ関係]
 こうして,1950‐60年代には,先進工業国では,世界的好況のせいもあって,完全雇用に近い状態が実現したといわれるが,この間物価水準が上昇し,雇用水準の維持という政策目標と物価安定という政策目標との間にトレードオフ(二律背反)の関係がみられ,注目されることになった。…

※「完全雇用政策」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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