The input of materials required for production into the production process in accordance with the progress of production activities and controlling the flow. Materials required for production are divided into those that are directly manufactured as raw materials for products and those that are consumed for manufacturing, like fuel. The former are called main materials and the latter are called auxiliary materials. The content, amount and timing of the necessary materials are determined when the production plan is decided, so the first step in materials management is to create a materials plan (requirement plan, procurement plan, inventory plan) for these necessary materials. Next, there are actual procurement activities based on the materials plan (ordering, inspection, in-house production) and storage activities for the procured materials (maintenance of actual materials, preparation of storage information). Here, maintaining an appropriate inventory is the most important. Inventory is removed according to demand and sent to the production site. In materials management at the production site, attention must be paid to the stagnation of work-in-progress due to imbalances between processes. The skill of materials management greatly affects production costs. [Mitsuo Morimoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生産に必要な資材を、生産活動の進展に対応させて生産過程に投入し、流れを統制すること。生産に必要な資材は、製品の原材料として直接に製品化されるものと、製品化のために消費される燃料のようなものとがある。前者を主資材、後者を副資材という。必要な資材の内容、量、時期は、生産計画が決定されれば判明するから、資材管理の第一歩は、これら必要資材に関する資材計画(所要量計画、調達計画、在庫計画)を作成することである。次に、資材計画に基づく実際の調達活動(発注・検収、内作)と、調達した資材の保管活動(現物の維持、保管情報の整備)とがある。ここでは、適正在庫の保持がもっとも重要である。在庫は要求に応じて出庫され、生産現場に送り込まれる。生産現場の資材管理では、工程間の不均衡による仕掛(しかかり)品の滞留に注意しなければならない。資材管理の巧拙は、生産費に大きく影響する。 [森本三男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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