Pittsburgh - Pittsburgh (English spelling)

Japanese: ピッツバーグ - ぴっつばーぐ(英語表記)Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh - Pittsburgh (English spelling)

Located in southwestern Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania is the second largest industrial city in the state after Philadelphia. It is located where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers join the Ohio River. It has a population of 334,563 (2000). It is one of the leading industrial cities in the United States, blessed with an inland port, abundant industrial resources such as iron ore and bituminous coal, and water power, and is especially famous as a steel town, which accounts for one-fifth of the total steel production in the United States. The groundbreaking redevelopment program implemented after World War II and the Renaissance Plan in later years cleared out the "smoky town" and promoted redevelopment, purifying the air and transforming it into a beautiful city with abundant greenery. New industries have also been expanding, and in addition to steel, aluminum, glass, rolling machines, air brakes, printing and publishing industries are thriving, and it is the third largest in the United States in terms of the number of companies headquartered here. There are also many research institutes that conduct industrial analysis, investigations, and research for each company.

White people settled in the early 18th century, and the town was established near Fort Pitt in 1758, developing as a river port and as a supply point for supplies for the western frontier. It was incorporated as a city in 1816. The steel and glass industries emerged in the early 19th century, and just after the Civil War, steel production accounted for nearly half of the nation's total, and glass production for one-third. Carnegie Steel was founded in 1889, and U.S. Steel in 1901, and the town saw rapid development as a major center of steel in the United States. However, at the same time, the soot emitted by the factories led to it being called the "smoke town" or the "smoke town," and the population fell by 18.5% between 1970 and 1980. Today, the town is driven primarily by advanced technology industries. There are many unique educational and cultural facilities in the city, including the University of Pittsburgh, which is the educational center of the city, Duquesne University, Carnegie Mellon University, Heinz Hall, which is home to the ballet, opera, and symphony orchestra, the Carnegie Museum and Art Gallery, the Fort Pitt Museum, a zoo, and beautiful parks with excellent facilities. The Golden Triangle, a triangular central business district surrounded by three rivers, has also been beautifully reborn after redevelopment, with the David L. Lawrence Convention Center being built in 1981, followed by the Liberty Center, Oxford Center, and other buildings.

[Kazuyo Sakuno]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカ合衆国、ペンシルベニア州南西部の、フィラデルフィアに次ぐ同州第二の工業都市。アレゲニー、モノンガエラ両河川がオハイオ川に合流する地点に位置する。人口33万4563(2000)。内陸港を有し、背後に鉄鉱石、瀝青(れきせい)炭など豊富な工業資源と水力に恵まれた合衆国を代表する工業都市で、とくに全米シェアの5分の1を占める鉄鋼の町として有名である。第二次世界大戦後に施行された画期的な再開発プログラムや後年のルネサンス・プランによって、それまでの「煤煙(ばいえん)の町」は一掃されて再開発が進み、空気は浄化され、緑豊かな美しい都市に生まれ変わった。新しい工業の進出も目だち、鉄鋼のほかアルミニウム、ガラス、圧延機、空気制動機や印刷・出版業などが盛んで、ここに本社を置く企業数としては全米第3位を誇る。また、各企業の工業分析、調査、研究を行う研究所なども多い。

 18世紀初頭に白人が入り、1758年にピット要塞(ようさい)のそばに町が開かれ、河港として、また西部開拓の物資供給地として発達した。1816年市制施行。19世紀初頭には鉄鋼・ガラス工業がおこり、南北戦争直後には鉄鋼業が全米のほぼ2分の1、ガラスが3分の1の生産高を誇った。1889年にカーネギー・スチール社が、1901年にはUSスチール社が創設され、アメリカの鉄鋼の一大中心地として急激な発展をみたが、同時に工場が排出する煤煙から「煙の町」「煤煙の町」とよばれ、1970年から1980年の間に18.5%の人口が減少した。現在は先端技術産業を主力とする町へと変わった。ユニークな教育・文化施設が数多く集積し、教育のかなめとなるピッツバーグ大学をはじめ、デュケイン大学、カーネギー・メロン大学や、バレエ、オペラ、交響楽団が本拠を置くハインツ・ホール、カーネギー博物館と美術館、フォート・ピット博物館、動物園や設備の整った美しい公園などが点在する。三河川に囲まれた三角形の中心ビジネス街、ゴールデン・トライアングルも再開発後は美しく生まれ変わり、1981年にデービッド・L・ローレンス・コンベンション・センターが建てられたのをはじめとし、リバティ・センター、オックスフォード・センターなどのビルが続々と建設された。

[作野和世]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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