Binary star - Binary star

Japanese: 重星 - じゅうせい
Binary star - Binary star

A double star refers to two or more stars that appear close together on the celestial sphere. When there are two stars, it is called a double star, followed by a triple star, quadruple star, etc. It is also called a multiple star. There are two types of double stars: apparent double stars (optical doubles) that happen to be in the same direction as seen from Earth and appear close together, but are actually spatially separated and have no relationship to each other, and true double stars (binary stars) that are spatially close and exert gravitational forces on each other. Traditionally, a double star was defined as two or more stars that appear close together when viewed with the naked eye or through a telescope, but since the 1980s, it has also been used to include stars that cannot be separated by a telescope but can be separated into two or more stars using an interferometer or other device.

There are various types of binary stars: visual binary stars, where the two stars are seen separately through a telescope; spectroscopic binary stars, where the two stars orbit each other and are identified as binaries by the shift in their spectral lines caused by the Doppler effect; and eclipsing binary stars, where the two stars hide each other as they orbit, changing their luminosity. Visual binary stars change their distance and position angle over time as the two stars orbit. Even if one star is too dark to be seen (invisible companion), it can be determined that they are binaries based on the movement of the other star. Well-known binaries include Sirius, Capella, and Algol.

[Atsuo Yamazaki]

"Observing the Constellations: A Tour of Double Stars, Nebulae, and Star Clusters" by Nakano Shigeru (1971, Koseisha Kouseikaku)""Binoculars Observation Star Chart Guidebook" edited by Nakano Shigeru (1988, Hoshi no Techosha)""Astronomy Guide Edition: Celestial Body Guide Map supervised by Tomita Koichiro (1998, Seibundo Shinkosha)"

[References] | Stars | Stellar interferometers | Doppler effect | Binary stars
Gamma Andromedae
A double star consisting of an orange 2nd magnitude star and a blue 5th magnitude star. It is called Almak. ©National Astronomical Observatory of Japan ">

Gamma Andromedae

Alpha Canes Venatici
A visible binary star system also known as Cor Caroli ©National Astronomical Observatory of Japan ">

Alpha Canes Venatici


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

天球上で二つ以上の恒星が接近して見えているものをいう。星が二つの場合は二重星、以下、三重星、四重星……などとよぶ。多重星ともいう。重星には、たまたま地球から見て同じ方向にあって接近して見えているが、実際には空間的に離れていて互いになんの関係もない見かけの重星(オプティカル・ダブルoptical double)と、空間的にも近距離にあり相互に引力を及ぼし合っている本当の重星(連星)とがある。従来、重星とは肉眼または望遠鏡を通して見たとき、2個以上の星が接近して見えるものをいっていたが、1980年代以降は望遠鏡で分離できなくても干渉計などの使用により二つ以上の星に分離できるものも含める。

 連星には、二つの星が望遠鏡で分離して見えている実視連星、2星が互いの周りを公転しそのドップラー効果によるスペクトル線のずれから連星とわかる分光連星、2星の公転で互いに他方を隠して光度が変化する食連星などがある。実視連星は、2星の公転により長い間には間隔や位置角が変化していく。片方の星が暗くて見えない場合(不可視伴星)でも、他方の星の動きから連星であることが判明するものもある。有名な連星として、シリウス、カペラ、アルゴルなどがある。

[山崎篤磨]

『中野繁著『星座の観望 重星・星雲・星団めぐり』(1971・恒星社厚生閣)』『中野繁編『双眼鏡観望星図ガイドブック』(1988・星の手帖社)』『天文ガイド編・冨田弘一郎監修『天体ガイドマップ』(1998・誠文堂新光社)』

[参照項目] | 恒星 | 恒星干渉計 | ドップラー効果 | 連星
アンドロメダ座γ星
オレンジ色の2等星と青色の5等星からなる二重星。アルマクとよばれる©国立天文台">

アンドロメダ座γ星

りょうけん座α星
コル・カロリともよばれる実視連星©国立天文台">

りょうけん座α星


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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