...Especially in the second half of the 16th century, as local powers in various parts of South India gained independence, semi-independent territorial systems were established in Tanjore, Ikkeri, Gingi, Madura, and other areas by the Nayakas who had been feuded in those areas. Furthermore, under the Nayakas, a local ruling class called the Palaiyakkāran (or Poligār) with tax and military powers at the village and district level also emerged. The Nayakas cannot necessarily be defined as the "lords" who supported the "feudal system." *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Palaiyakkāran" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…とくに16世紀後半,南インドの各地で地方勢力の独立化が進むと,タンジョール,イッケリ,ジンジー,マドゥラなどでは,その地に封じられていたナーヤカによる半独立領国体制が成立した。さらに,ナーヤカの下には村・郡段階での徴税・軍事権をもったパーライヤッカーランPalaiyakkāran(あるいはポリガールPoligār)なる土着的支配層も台頭した。ナーヤカを〈封建制〉を支えた〈領主〉層とは必ずしも規定できない。… ※「Palaiyakkāran」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
A play from the early Ming Dynasty in China, writt...
A group formed artificially and deliberately in o...
...The fundamental deity is called Tenchikinnokam...
A genus of gram-negative rods that are widely dist...
→ Calorie theory Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia A...
A verse drama by the British poet and critic TS El...
...The independent trade union Solidarity (NSZZ &...
…One of the leading painters of early modern Russ...
A city in the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture. O...
Generally, it refers to a specific date and time ...
...These three early ballets used Russian folk-st...
A pass at the southern end of the Suzuka Mountain...
...This saddle in the northern Hidaka Mountains i...
French priest and thinker. Born in Mazerny, a sma...
…This is a flexion reflex, in which when one leg ...