His real name was Bratton or Bretton. He was the most representative jurist in medieval England. He held the position of Circuit Judge for many years, and once served as a judge of the King's Bench. He also played an active role as a clergyman, such as a parish dean, deputy bishop, and counselor. His major work, "Of the Laws and Customs of England," is one of the fundamental works of English law, and uses a wealth of legal precedents to systematically explain the English law in its formative stages. The phrase "the King is under God and the law" was transformed by Judge Coke (Coke) into a political ideology based on the idea of the "rule of law," which states that royal power is limited by law and Parliament, when the conflict between the King and Parliament intensified in the first half of the 17th century, and is famous for paving the way for the realization of British democracy. [Hiroshi Tanaka] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
本名はBrattonまたはBretton。中世イギリスにおけるもっとも代表的な法学者。長らく巡回裁判所裁判官の地位にあり、一時期、国王裁判所の裁判官も務めたことがある。また教区長や副監督、監督顧問などの聖職者として活躍している。主著『イングランドの法と慣習について』は、豊富な判例を用いながら生成期にあるイギリス法を体系的に説明したもので、イギリス法の基本的著作の一つ。ここで述べられている「国王といえども神と法の下にある」ということばは、17世紀前半に、国王と議会の対立が激化した際に、裁判官クック(コーク)によって、王権は法や議会によって制限されるという「法の支配」観念に基づく政治思想に転化され、イギリス民主政治の実現に道を開いたものとして有名である。 [田中 浩] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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